酶促酸解合成结构脂反应中酰基迁移的研究进展

酶促酸解合成结构脂具有显著的优越性,其中酰基迁移副反应是结构脂合成中亟需研究和控制的关键。对酶催化酸解反应中酰基迁移的理论和实践研究进行综述,归纳总结温度、时间、酶、载体、水分活度、溶剂、底物比、甘油酯结构等因素对酰基迁移的影响。目前,对酰基迁移的研究主要在酶促反应水平上,机理尚不深入,且优化酶促酸解条件提高接入率、产率与减少酰基迁移是不可兼得的矛盾关系。今后需要进行酰基迁移在复杂体系下的影响机制和评测方法的深入研究,以期更高效地开发特殊用途的结构脂产品。

Advance in acyl migration in the reaction of enzymatic acidolysis to synthesize structured lipids

The synthesis of structured lipids by enzymatic acidolysis has significant superiority, but the side reaction of acyl migration, the key to the production of structured lipids, should be imminently highlighted and controlled. The theoretical and practical researches on acyl migration in enzyme-catalyzed acidolysis reaction were reviewed, and the factors affecting acyl migration, including solvent, water activity, temperature, time, enzyme, carrier, substrate ratio and glyceride structure were summarized. At present, the research on acyl migration was mainly at the level of enzymatic reaction, and the research on the mechanism was not deep. In addition, the increases of the accessing rate and yield by optimizing the conditions of enzymatic acidolysis and the decrease of acyl migration were incompatible. Further research should be focused on the influence mechanism of acyl migration and the evaluation methods in complex systems so as to develop unique functional structured lipids products effectively.