氮肥运筹方式对油菜产量、氮肥利用率及氮素淋失的影响 |
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引用本文: | 苏伟,鲁剑巍,李云春,李小坤,马常宝,高祥照.氮肥运筹方式对油菜产量、氮肥利用率及氮素淋失的影响[J].中国油料,2010(4):558-562. |
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作者姓名: | 苏伟 鲁剑巍 李云春 李小坤 马常宝 高祥照 |
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作者单位: | [1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100026 |
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基金项目: | “十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2010BAD01B05、2008BADA4B08、2006BAD21B03); 教育部新世纪人才项目(NCET-07-0345); 油菜现代产业技术体系建设(nycytx-005) |
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摘 要: | 通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同氮肥运筹方式对油菜产量、氮肥利用率、氮素淋失及氮素平衡的影响。试验设5个处理:不施氮肥(CK),氮肥全部基施(TJ),氮肥60%基施、40%做越冬肥追施(TJD),氮肥60%基施、40%做薹肥追施(TJT),氮肥60%基施、20%做越冬肥、20%做薹肥追施(TJDT)。研究结果表明,氮肥分期施用可明显增加油菜产量,提高氮肥利用率,其中以TJDT处理效果最佳,与TJ处理相比,TJDT处理的产量、氮肥农学利用率及表观利用率分别提高了17.6%、2.1kg·kg^-1氮和4.9%。同时,TJDT处理的氮素淋失量也最小。氮素平衡计算结果表明,不同时期追施氮肥对氮素平衡影响不大,但是均比氮肥集中做基肥施用(TJ)的表观损失明显减小。尽管油菜收获后,各施氮处理土壤氮素均有盈余,但分期施肥盈余量明显高于TJ。研究表明在油菜生产中,氮肥分期施用既能提高油菜籽的产量和氮肥的利用效率,又可获得较好的环境效应。
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关 键 词: | 油菜 氮肥运筹 产量 氮肥利用率 氮淋失 氮平衡 |
Effect of nitrogen management mode on yield, nitrogen using efficiency and nitrogen leaching of rapeseed |
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Authors: | SU Wei LU Jian-wei LI Yun-chun LI Xiao-kun MA Chang-bao GAO Xiang-zhao |
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Affiliation: | 1.College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agriculture University,Wuhan 430070,China;2.National Agro-technical and Service Center,MOA,Beijing 100026,China) |
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Abstract: | Pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different nitrogen (N) management on rapeseed yield,N efficiency,N leaching and N balance.5 treatments were involved: CK (no N fertilizer),TJ (N fertilizer all applied as basic manure),TJD (60% of N fertilizer applied as basic with 40% top-dressed before winter),TJT (60% applied as basic with 40% were top-dressed at bolting stage),TJDT (60% applied as basic with 20% top-dressed before winter,and 20% top-dressed at bolting stage).Results showed that both yield and N efficiency of uptake increased significantly with N fertilizer split application (TJD,TJT and TJDT).Among these treatments,TJDT was the most beneficial and improved 17.6% of yield,2.1kg·kg^-1 N of agronomic efficiency and 4.9% recovery efficiency than those of TJ treatment respectively.It also had the lowest risk of N leaching than others.The N balance investigation showed that TJ led to loss of N fertilizer.There was no significant difference among N split application modes on N balance.Soil N was surplus from all 5 treatments after canola harvesting,but split modes had much lower N left.It indicated that N fertilizer split application was environmental friendly,its N was highly utilized and increased yield. |
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Keywords: | Rapeseed Nitrogen management mode Nitrogen leaching Yield Nitrogen use efficiency Nitrogen balance |
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