山东城乡乳母维生素B_1、B_2和烟酸膳食摄入情况对比分析

日的:调查城市及农村乳母维生素B1、B2和烟酸的膳食摄入情况,了解城乡乳母的相关维生素营养状况。方法:选择山东省某城市和农村0—2岁婴幼儿健康母亲(乳母)为调查对象,共92名;其中,某城市乳母34名、某农村乳母58名。采用食物频率法收集调查对象消费的食物种类,24h膳食回顾法收集调查对象维生素B1、B2和烟酸摄入情况;通过膳食多样化评分(DDS)对其日常膳食摄入水平进行分析与评价。结果:食物消费种类结果显示,城乡乳母均以粮谷类、蔬菜类消费最高,达到90%以上。城市乳母豆类消费较低,仅为61.8%;蛋类和奶及奶制品类每日摄入量较高,分别达到109.38g和220.12g;豆类及豆制品类摄入量偏低,仅为28.55g。农村乳母粮谷类每日摄入量较高,达到374.44g;畜禽肉类和鱼虾类摄入量偏低,分别仅为26.44g和20.19g。对比分析结果显示,农村乳母膳食中粮谷类摄入量高于城市乳母,而畜禽肉类、鱼虾类、蛋类、奶及奶制品和水果类摄入量却明显低于城市乳母(P均0.05)。膳食多样化评分(DDS)结果显示,城市乳母DDS评分平均为7.24,农村乳母DDS评分平均为5.26;城市乳母得7分所占比例较高,达32.4%,而农村仅为9.0%;城市乳母烟酸量摄入量较为充足,达到RNI的80%以上,维生素B1、维生素B2摄入不足,分别达到RNI的65%、77.6%;而农村地区乳母维生素B2、烟酸均不足,分别仅达到RNI的20%、39.9%;城市乳母维生素B2、烟酸摄入量明显高于农村乳母(P均0.05)。结论:城乡乳母膳食多样化差异显著,农村乳母膳食多样化水平更低,农村乳母维生素B2、烟酸缺乏,与膳食结构较单一有关,城乡乳母膳食结构有待改善。

Comparative Analysis of Dietary Intake of VB1, VB2 and Niacin Among Lactating Mothers in Urban and Rural Area in Shandong Province

Objective] To investigate the dietary intake of vitamin B1, B2 and niacin of the urban and rural lactation women in Shan- dang province and to study the nutritional status of the urban and rural lactation women. Method] Totally 92 healthy lactation women of 0- 2 year old children were selected, among them 34 urban lactation women and 58 rural lactation women were included. The types of food were collected by food frequency questionnaire. The dietary intakes of vitamin B1, B2 and niacin of women were collected by 24h dietary re- call. We analyzed and evaluated the level of the dietary intake of women through DDS. Result] The results of the types of food consumption showed that the cereals and vegetables were both highest in the food consumption of urban and rural women, reaching more than 90%. The beans consumption of urban women was lower, only 61.8% , the daily intakes of eggs and milk were high, up to 109. 38g and 220. 12g re- spectively, while the intakes of beans was low, only 28. 55g. The cereal daily intake of rural women was higher, reaching 374. 44g, while the intake of meat, fish were lower, only 26.44g and 20. 19g respectively. The analysied showed the intakes of cereal of rural women was higher than that of urban women, while the intake of meat, fish, eggs, milk and fruit were significantly lower （P 〈 0. 05） . DDS results showed that urban women was 7. 24 and rural women was 5. 26. The urban women got 7 of DDS had higher proportion of 32. 4% , while the rural women was 9%. The intake of niacin of urban women was abundant, reaching more than 80% of RNI, while the vitamin B1, B2 were deficiency, only reaching 65% and 77.6% respectively. However, the intake of vitamin B2 and niacin were insufficient and were only at 20% and 39. 9% respectively. The intake of vitamin B2 and niacin of urban lactating women were higher than that of rural lactating women （P 〈0.05） . Conclusion] There were significant differences in dietary diversification of lactation women between urban and rural areas and the level of dietary diversification of rural lactation women was lower. The vitamin B2 and niacin of rural women were insufficient, which was related to single dietary structure. The dietary structure of urban and rural lactation women should be improved.