微生物脂肪酶资源挖掘研究进展

脂肪酶广泛分布于动物、植物和微生物中,工业化脂肪酶主要来源于微生物。脂肪酶制剂的进一步工业化应用受限于生产成本和脂肪酶的温度和pH值耐受性、活性、专一性和溶剂耐受性等酶学性质,虽然微生物脂肪酶基因和蛋白相关资源信息已经非常丰富,但适合食品、药品和能源等工业应用的脂肪酶制剂品种依然较少,研究者仍然在为新型和理想的脂肪酶制剂资源的挖掘而努力。本文重点综述了微生物脂肪酶资源挖掘的主要研究方法,主要包括通过环境筛选和宏基因组筛选挖掘新的具有优良特性的脂肪酶;脂肪酶微生物生产菌株的改良、脂肪酶基因在重组工程菌株中的重组表达和优化、蛋白质工程方法对脂肪酶蛋白进行改造、脂肪酶固定化和催化工艺的改良等。

Progress in Mining of Microbial Lipase Resources

Lipases are ubiquitous in animals, plants and microorganisms, but industrial lipases are mainly produced by microorganisms. The industrial application of lipases is constrained by its high cost and enzymatic characteristics such as temperature and pH tolerance, specific activity, substrate specificity and solvent resistance. Despite the abundance of information regarding microbial lipase genes and proteins, there are currently very few commercial lipase preparations that are suitable for application in the food, pharmaceutical and energy industries. Accordingly, tremendous research efforts have been made to mine novel alternative lipase resources. This article mainly presents a review of the approaches used to mine microbial lipase resources including environmental screening and metagenomics screening for mining new lipases with good properties, genetic improvement of lipase-producing strains, recombinant expression of lipases in genetically engineered strains, lipase modification by protein engineering, lipase immobilization and optimization of reaction conditions of immobilized lipase.