几类不同食物对肠道菌群调节作用的研究进展

肠道菌群是机体的重要组成部分，肠道菌群能在一定程度上影响宿主的营养代谢和健康。肠道菌群的组成与功能受宿主生理状态、遗传、饮食习惯、年龄和环境等多重因素的影响。其中，膳食是影响肠道菌群结构和功能最为重要且较为迅速的因素。作为日常生活中常见的食物资源，杂粮、杂豆和果蔬等食物含有的膳食纤维和多酚等物质已经被证明具有调节肠道菌群的作用。肠道菌群能够发酵膳食纤维，代谢后释放维生素以及短链脂肪酸等代谢产物，并选择性地促进一些肠道有益菌的增殖，进而在一定程度上促进宿主健康。此外，大部分酚类物质也在肠道中被肠道菌群代谢分解后进一步提高酚类物质的生物利用率，从而改善宿主生理状态。本文围绕日常生活中常见的食物资源如杂粮杂豆以及水果蔬菜等对肠道菌群的调节作用进行综述，展望以肠道菌群为靶点的代谢性疾病预防与治疗或膳食干预的前景。

Recent Progress in Understanding the Regulation of Gut Microbiota by Several Different Kinds of Food

The gut microbiota is an important part in human body and plays an important role in the metabolism and health state of the host. The structure of the gut microbiota can be influenced by host status, genes, dietary habits, age and the environment. Diet is the most important and prompt factor for the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Minor cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables are common food resources in our daily life, and their dietary fiber and polyphenols have been demonstrated to have important roles in regulating the gut microbiota. Dietary fiber can be fermented by the gut microbiota to produce vitamins and short chain fatty acids, and can selectively enhance the abundance of some beneficial bacteria to improve the health state of the host. In addition, the majority of phenols can be metabolized by the gut microbiota to enhance their bioavailability and consequently improve the host physiological state. In this paper, we review recent progress in our understanding of the regulation of the gut microbiota by minor cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables commonly consumed by humans and discuss future prospects of the gut microbiota as a target in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases or dietary intervention.