食品中耐药细菌风险评估的研究进展

近年来抗生素的使用和滥用是普遍存在的问题，食品中耐药细菌和耐药基因引起的人类疾病威胁已成为全球性关注的热点。因此，全面开展从农场到餐桌耐药细菌的风险评估研究具有十分重要的意义。本文根据国际食品法典委员会拟定的微生物风险评估原则和指导方针，从危害识别、释放评估、暴露评估、剂量-反应关系评估、风险评估5 个步骤进行阐述。通过分析国内外抗生素耐药细菌风险评估案例，综述了食品中耐药细菌风险评估的研究进展及其预防控制措施，以期为未来耐药细菌风险评估提供理论依据。

Risk Assessment of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Foods: A Review

In recent years, the misuse and abuse of antibiotics have become a widespread problem. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes in foods are a global concern because diseases caused by them pose a threat to human health. Therefore, it is of significant importance to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the farm to the table. This paper describes the five steps of hazard identification, release assessment, exposure assessment, dose-response relationship assessment, and risk assessment based on the principles and guidelines for microbiological risk assessment developed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. We analyze cases of risk assessment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, we review recent progress in risk assessment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in foods and prevention and control measures against them, in order to provide a theoretical basis for risk assessment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the future.