养殖和野生长吻鮠肌肉营养成分比较分析

采用常规生化分析方法对养殖和野生长吻鮠肌肉营养成分进行分析,并对其营养品质进行评价。结果表明,养殖长吻鮠水分极显著高于野生长吻鮠(P0.01),蛋白质、脂肪极显著低于野生长吻鮠(P0.01);养殖长吻鮠氨基酸总量(干基)显著高于野生长吻鮠(P0.05),必需氨基酸无显著差异(P0.05),氨基酸组成均完全符合联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织标准,鲜味氨基酸总量极显著高于野生长吻鮠(P0.01);单不饱和脂肪酸总量极显著低于野生长吻鮠(P0.01),n-6多不饱和脂肪酸总量极显著高于野生长吻鮠(P0.01),n-3多不饱和脂肪酸总量无显著差异(P0.05),致动脉粥样硬化指数、血栓形成指数无显著差异(P0.05)。研究表明,与野生长吻鮠相比,养殖长吻鮠营养品质没有降低,通过调整饲料配方,可进一步提高养殖长吻鮠的营养品质。

Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Composition of Muscles of Farmed and Wild Leiocassis longirostris

In order to compare the differences in muscle nutrient composition between farmed and wild Leiocassis
longirostris, the main nutrient components in the muscles of farmed (fed formulated feed) and wild (captured in Beibei
section of Jialingjiang River in Chongqing) Leiocassis longirostris were analyzed in this paper. The general nutrient
components were determined with routine methods, the amino acid compositions were measured with an amino acid
analyzer, and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results
showed that the moisture content in muscle of farmed Leiocassis longirostris was significantly higher than that of wild
Leiocassis longirostris (P < 0.01), while the contents of crude protein and crude fat were significantly lower than those of
wild Leiocassis longirostris (P < 0.01), and no significant difference was found in ash content between farmed and wild
Leiocassis longirostri (P > 0.05). There were 18 kinds of amino acids found in the muscles of farmed and wild Leiocassis
longirostris, and the content of total amino acids (TAA) in farmed Leiocassis longirostris was significant higher than in wild
Leiocassis longirostris (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the content of total essential amino acids (EAA) was found
between farmed and wild Leiocassis longirostris (P > 0.05). It was clear that the contents of different amino acids in muscles
of farmed and wild Leiocassis longirostris were stable, and the constitutional rate of essential amino acids met the FAO/
WHO standards. According to nutrition evaluation in amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), the first limiting
amino acid for the muscles of both farmed and wild Leiocassis longirostris was tryptophan. The content of delicious amino
acids (DAA) of farmed Leiocassis longirostris was significantly higher than that of wild Leiocassis longirostris (P < 0.01).
Meanwhile, 25 and 27 kinds of fatty acids were detected in farmed and wild Leiocassis longirostris, respectively, and no
significant difference was found in the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) between farmed and wild Leiocassis longirostri
(P > 0.05). The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was significantly lower than that of wild Leiocassis
longirostri (P < 0.01), and the total content of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was significantly higher than that of
wild Leiocassis longirostri (P < 0.01). However, no significant difference was found in the content of n-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA) between the muscles of farmed and wild Leiocassis longirostri (P > 0.05), and the total content of
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was significantly higher than that of wild Leiocassis longirostri (P < 0.01). No significant
difference in index of atherogenicity (IA) or index of thrombogenicity (IT) was observed between farmed and wild
Leiocassis longirostri (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the nutritional quality of farmed Leiocassis longirostri was not decreased
in comparison with that of wild Leiocassis longirostris. Therefore, the nutritional quality of farmed Leiocassis longirostris
could be improved by adjusting the feed formula.