基于子实体形态特征及rDNA-ITS序列分析对黔东南州枞树菌的分类鉴定

目的 为明确贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州(简称黔东南州)枞树菌野生菌分类地位,提供食源性野生毒蕈中毒事件中野生菌的鉴定方法依据。方法 根据枞树菌子实体特征进行形态学鉴定,基于子实体核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)基因序列,采用邻接法(NJ)进行系统发育关系分析。结果 黔东南主要贸易乳菇属类的枞树菌有3种,根据子实体形态特征将靛蓝色、紫红色、橙黄色样本分别鉴定为靛蓝乳菇亚种(Lactarius subindigo)、红汁乳菇(Lactarius hatsudake)和鲜艳乳菇(Lactarius vividus)。从GENBANK下载31个菌株与3个代表样本ITS基因序列构建的系统发育树分为两大分支,枞树菌与其他近缘红菇属有毒菌类明显区分；代表样本TL1与靛蓝乳菇亚种、TZ1与红汁乳菇、TH1与鲜艳乳菇分别聚为一簇,与形态学鉴定结果一致。结论 黔东南地区枞树菌主要贸易种为红汁乳菇和鲜艳乳菇,与贵阳地区的紫花菌属同物异名,其中靛蓝乳菇亚种属贵州省首次报道。

Classification and identification of Lactarius based on morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis in Qiandongnan

Objective In order to clarify the taxonomic status of Lactarius in Qiandongnan of Guizhou, and provid the basis for the identification of wild fungi in foodborne wild mushroom poisoning. In order to clarify the taxonomic status of Lactarius in Qiandongnan of Guizhou, and provid the basis for the identification of wild fungi in food borne wild mushroom poisoning. Methods The morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(rDNA-ITS) gene sequences were used for identification. The morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer(rDNA-ITS) gene sequences were used for identification.Results It was clear that there were 3 main kinds of Lactarius in the markets. The samples of indigo, amaranth and aurantius were identified as Lactarius vividus, Lactarius hatsudake and Lactarius subindigo based on morphological features. Then ITS gene sequence phylogenetic trees for the 34 fungi strains were divided into two branches, the Lactarius and other toxic fungi of the affinis species were distinguished. The TL1 and Lactarius subindig, TZ1 and Lactarius hatsudake, TH1 and Lactarius vividus were clustered into one group respectively, which were consistent with morphological identification results. It was clear that there were 3 kinds of Lactarius in the main trade. The samples of indigo, amaranth and aurantius were identified as L. vividus, L. hatsudake and L. subindigo based on morphological features. Then ITS gene sequence phylogenetic trees for the 34 fungi strains were divided into two branches, the Lactarius and other toxic fungi of the affinis species were distinguished. The TL1 and L. subindig, TZ1 and L. hatsudake, TH1 and L. vividus were clustered into one group respectively, which were consistent with morphological identification result . Conclusion The main species of Lactarius in Qiandongnan were the Lactarius hatsudake and Lactarius vividus, which were the same as another Lactarius in Guiyang. Among the Lactarius species, TL1 was identified as Lactarius subindigo, this was the first case reported in Guizhou. The main trade species of Lactarius in Qiandongnan were the L. hatsudake and L. vividus, which were the same as another Lactarius in Guiyang. Among the Lactarius species, TL1 was identified as L. subindigo, this was the first case reported in Guizhou.