关于COVID-19、膜脂质与公众健康（网络首发、推荐阅读）

冠状病毒具有一层脂质膜。虽然复制需要劫持宿主的RNA工具来合成病毒体蛋白，但必须将其包裹在脂质膜中，促其萌生以扩展感染。最近研究表明，某些必需脂肪酸可以抑制其复制活性。脂质膜通常被认为是水溶物的脂肪屏障，但它对细胞和亚细胞的功能是高度有序和组分特异性的，其对病毒外壳可能也有最佳的特异性。虽然复制中DNA、RNA和蛋白质组成不受饮食影响，但脂质膜受其影响。此外，自1960年代以来，人们就知道男性对这些必需脂肪酸和膜完整性不足的敏感性高于女性。有证据表明，花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸具有抗病毒、免疫、抗炎、控制血压和消退素活性，因此，迫切需要考察它们在Covid-19预防和治疗中的地位，也需重新评估现行的膳食指导。当前，有关脑、神经、血管和免疫系统等富含膜系统对脂质需求还尚未被详细认识。毫无疑问，这些脂质在几百万年来塑造人类基因组方面具有重要意义，因此，如果这些膜脂质失衡将会使人类面临机体紊乱和感染风险，且男性比女性风险更大。

On COVID-19 and Membrane Lipids and Public Health(Online First, Recommended Article)

Coronavirus has a lipid membrane. Whist replication requires hijacking the RNA tools of the host to synthesize virion protein, that then has to be wrapped in a lipid membrane to enable the budding off which extends the infection. Recent studies implicate certain essential fatty acids with replication suppression properties. The lipid membrane is commonly thought of as a fatty barrier to water solubles. It is however highly ordered and compositionally specific to cellular and sub cellular functions. There will likely also be an optimum specificity for the viral coat. Whist DNA, RNA and protein compositions are not affected by diet, the lipid membrane is. Moreover, the greater sensitivity of males over females to inadequacy of these essential fatty acids and membrane integrity has been known since the 1960s. With evidence that arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids exhibiting anti-viral, immune, anti-inflammatory, blood pressure control and resolvin activity, their status needs to be urgently examined in relation to the prevention and therapy for Covid-19. It would also be advisable to re-assess food policy. The lipid requirements for the membrane rich systems as in the brain, nervous, vascular and immune systems have not been considered. There is little doubt these were significant in shaping the human genome over several million years. Departure from such conditions would be predicted to put populations at risk to disorder and infection, with males being more at risk than females.