天然气开发技术现状、挑战及对策

中国天然气资源丰富，预测远景资源量达48万亿m^3。截至2004年底，全国累计探明天然气地质储量4．41万亿m^3。其中约70％分布在中西部地区的塔里木、四川、鄂尔多斯和柴达木盆地。目前已成功开发了四川、长庆、塔里木克拉2、柴达木涩北等气田，形成了陆上四大气区，2004年全国天然气产量达408亿m^3。数十年来，中国气藏开发技术不断发展，已初步形成的主体开发技术包括碳酸盐岩气藏开发技术、低渗透气藏开发技术、中低含硫气藏开发技术、异常高压气藏开发技术、凝析气藏循环注气开发技术等。但近年新发现的气藏类型复杂多样，其有效、高效开发和已开发气田的稳产尚面临较大挑战，需要进一步发展和完善超高压气藏高产高效安全生产技术、低渗低产气藏大型压裂及水平井采气技术、多层疏松砂岩气藏控砂及堵水技术、高含硫气藏安全高效开发及防腐和净化技术、凝析气藏循环注气技术等，以适应这些气藏开发的需要。参19

State of the art, challenges and countermeasures of natural gas development in China

The prospect natural gas resources are 48 TCM in China. As of December 31, 2004, the cumulative proved gas in place amounts to 4, 41 TCM with 70% PGIP distributed in Midwest China including Tarim, Sichuan, Ordos and Qaidam basins, The successful developments of major gas fields such as Sichuan, Changqing, Kela-2 and Sebei fields have led to the establishment of onshore four big gas exploration/production areas, In 2004 the national gas production volume reached 40, 8 BCM, In last decades, the continuous advancements of gas field development technology have contributed to the establishment of the major development technologies for different types of gas reservoirs including carbonate, low permeability, low-to moderate H2 S content, geopressured, gas condensate, etc, However, the gas reservoirs newly discovered in recent years are very complex. Their cost-effective/efficient development and the stable production including developed gas fields face challenges. Thus, the efficient development of these gas fields requires further advancement, improvement application of technologies focusing on safe and efficient development of HPHT gas reservoirs, massive hydraulic fracturing or horizontal well technology for low permeability reservoirs, sand control and water management for multi-layered loose sand reservoirs, safety and antisepsis and purification for sour gas reservoirs and gas cycling for gas condensate reservoirs.