页岩油气科技进步、发展战略及政策建议

页岩油气是自生自储、源储一体的非常规油气资源,根据热演化成熟度将页岩油划分为中—高成熟页岩油与中—低成熟页岩油,根据页岩沉积环境将页岩气划分为海相、海陆过渡相和陆相页岩气。中国是目前世界上实现陆相页岩油商业规模开发最成功的国家之一,相继在鄂尔多斯盆地、准噶尔盆地、松辽盆地、渤海湾盆地等获得陆相页岩油重大发现。在四川盆地及其周缘实现了海相页岩气工业突破和快速规模发展,截至2021年底,在中国南方累计探明页岩气田8个、探明地质储量2.74×10¹²m³,2021年页岩气产量达230×10⁸m³,累计生产页岩气924×10⁸m³。中国页岩油气资源潜力大,但规模勘探与效益开发仍面临诸多挑战。借鉴国外页岩油气发展经验与启示,建议由国家牵头评价落实黑色页岩转化油气、高碳煤岩转化油气的技术与经济资源量,制定发展规划;设立国家级黑色页岩、高碳煤岩油气原位转化先导试验区,继续执行并出台页岩转化、煤岩油气转化的财政激励和税收扶持政策,推动实现地下页岩油熟化转化革命、地下煤炭加热转化油气革命;国家顶层设计,统筹投资,以鄂尔多斯、四川等盆地为代表,打造地上可再生能源与地下油气煤、热锂铀、碳捕获和储存(CCS)、碳捕获与利用及封存(CCUS)等协同融合发展的"世界超级能源盆地"基地,实现地上与地下多种能源的协同融合发展。

Scientific and technological progress,development strategy and policy suggestion regarding shale oil and gas

As a type of unconventional oil and gas resources, shale oil and gas are self-generated and self-preserved. Divided according to the thermal maturity, medium-high maturity and medium-low maturity shale oil can be obtained; when divided according to the depositional environment of shale, marine, transitional and lacustrine facies shale gas are obtained. China is one of the most successful countries that have achieved large-scale commercial development of continental shale oil in the world. Significant discoveries of continental shale oil have been made successively in the Ordos Basin, Junggar Basin, Songliao Basin and Bohai Bay Basin. The marine shale gas industry has achieved breakthroughs and rapid scale development in the Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas. By the end of 2021, a total of 8 shale gas fields had been found in southern China, with the proved geological reserves totaling 2.74×10¹²m³. In 2021, the annual production capacity of shale gas was 230×10⁸m³, bringing the total production capacity to 924×10⁸m³. The shale oil and gas resources in China have great potential, but there are many challenges during the large-scale exploration and beneficial development. Based on the development experience of shale oil and gas in foreign countries and relevant inspirations, it is suggested that the state takes the lead in evaluating and implementing the technologies that can convert black shales or high-carbon coals into oil and gas, estimating the total amount of economic resources involved, and formulating corresponding development plans. Additionally, national pilot test areas should be set up for in-situ conversion of black shales and high-carbon coals into oil and gas, and fiscal incentives and tax support policies for the conversion of shales and coals into oil and gas should be introduced and implemented to promote the maturity and conversion of underground shales and the heated conversion of underground coals into oil and gas. Moreover, national top-level design and coordinated investment should be implemented to establish the base of "worldwide super energy basins" represented by Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin, so as to achieve the collaborative and integrated development of underground and overground resources such as renewable energy sources on the ground and oil, gas, coal, heat, lithium and uranium resource under the ground, involving CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) and CO₂ capture, utilization and storage (CCUS).