“十一五”以来中国天然气重大地质理论进展与勘探新发现

中国天然气地质理论的发展与勘探发现相辅相成。“十一五”以来，中国天然气地质理论取得多方面重大进展，主要体现在7个方面，具体包括基础地质理论研究进展2项：①高演化煤系源岩、原油裂解气、生物气3类天然气生成机理得到深化，分别形成煤系源岩裂解生气模式、腐泥型有机质全过程生烃模式、生物气接力生气模式；②原油裂解气与干酪根裂解气、聚集型原油裂解气与分散型原油裂解气、有机成因气与无机成因气、煤型气与油型气等多种类型天然气成因鉴别理论得到进一步完善。大气田成藏地质理论进展5项：①创新提出了古老碳酸盐岩“五古控藏”成藏理论；②发展深化了克拉通盆地、前陆盆地及裂谷盆地致密砂岩气成藏理论；③建立了超深弱变形区“三微输导、近源富集、持续保存”成藏模式；④发展完善了以生烃断槽为基本单元的断陷盆地火山岩气藏成藏理论；⑤系统深化了海域高温超压和深水天然气成藏理论。天然气地质理论的进展推动了多项勘探新发现，古老碳酸盐岩成藏理论引领了中国单体储量规模最大的气田四川盆地安岳大气田的勘探；前陆冲断带致密砂岩气成藏新认识在库车形成中国首个超深层万亿立方米大气田；超深层礁滩气藏成藏理论指导了中国埋藏最深的生物礁气田元坝气田的勘探；海域成藏理论指导了中国南海海域自营区最大气田东方13-2气田以及深水勘探领域陵水17-2千亿立方米大气田的重大发现。

Major progress of the Chinese natural gas geological theory and new exploration discovery since the Eleventh Five-year plan

The progress of Chinese natural gas geological theory and new exploration discovery complement each other.Since the Eleventh Five-year plan,China natural gas geological theory has made great progress which can be concluded as the following seven aspects.There are two aspects of basic geological theory progress：(1)The formation mechanism of three types of natural gas,which are high evolution coal source rock,crude oil cracking gas and biogas,has been deepened to form coal source rocks cracking hydrocarbon-generation process mode,whole hydrocarbon-generation process of sapropelic source rock,and continuous biogas generation mode;(2)Natural gas origin identification theory of many types are furtherly improved including oil cracking gas and kerogen cracking gas,aggregated oil cracking gas and dispersed oil cracking gas,organic gas and inorganic gas,coal-formed gas and oil-formed gas.Five aspects of giant gas accumulation theory are deeply researched：(1)Innovation of old carbonate “five ancient factors controlling reservoir” accumulation theory is founded;(2)The theory of tight sandstone gas accumulation in craton basin,foreland basin and rift basin is developed and deepened;(3)An accumulation mode of "three micro carrier,near source enrichment and sustained preservation" is established;(4)Hydrocarbon accumulation theory of volcanic gas reservoirs in faulted basins with hydrocarbon-generated fractured trenches as the basic unit is improved;(5)The theory of high temperature and over pressure natural gas accumulation and deep sea natural gas accumulation in South China Sea is deepened.Development of natural gas geology theory promotes many big exploration discoveries.Innovation of old carbonate accumulation theory leads to the exploration of Chinese largest gas field of single formation which is Anyue Gas Field in Sichuan Basin;Innovation of accumulation theory in the foreland thrust belt brings about the first ultra-deep Chinese trillion cubic meters gas field in Kuqa Gas Field;Accumulation mode of super deep reef beach gas reservoir guides the exploration of Yuanba Gas Field which is the deepest buried reef gas field in China;The natural gas accumulation theory in South China Sea promotes the great discovery of Dongfang 13-2 Gas Field which is the biggest gas field in China waters and Lingshui 17-2 largest gas field in deep water.