固定床渣油加氢脱金属催化剂的研究进展

渣油加氢脱金属(HDM)催化剂是渣油加氢技术中的核心催化剂之一,开发高性能HDM催化剂对提高固定床渣油加氢技术的劣质原料适应性以及延长装置运转周期具有重要意义。从载体、活性金属组分和助剂三方面着手,对HDM催化剂的研究进展进行了综述。首先分析了载体孔结构对HDM催化剂的影响;介绍了扩孔剂法、水热处理法、低温烧结法等Al₂O₃载体的扩孔方法。随后比较了多种活性金属组分的HDM活性,Mo表现出最佳的加氢脱金属性能,添加Co,Ni,Fe,W等金属可以在不同程度上提高催化剂的脱金属性能;总结了活性金属组分的负载方法(浸渍法、混捏法和共沉淀法)。最后简述了P、B等作为助剂对HDM催化剂活性和稳定性的影响。由此指出提高HDM催化剂的脱金属活性、容金属和抗积炭能力以及降低催化剂堆密度是HDM催化剂未来的主要研究方向。

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF FIXED-BED RESIDUE HYDRODEMETALLIZATION CATALYSTS

Residue hydrodemetallization(HDM)catalyst is one of the key catalysts in residue hydrogenation technology.Development of high-performance HDM catalysts is of great significance for improving the adaptability of inferior raw material and extending the operation period of the fixed bed residue hydrotreating unit.The research progress of HDM catalysts is reviewed from three aspects of supports,active metals and promoters.Firstly,the influence of support pore structure on HDM catalysts was analyzed,and various pore-enlarging methods of Al₂O₃support such as pore-enlarging additives method,hydrothermal treatment method and low-temperature sintering method were introduced.Secondly,after comparing the HDM activity of various active metal components,Mo shows the best hydrodemetallization performance.The addition of Co,Ni,Fe,W and other active metals can further improve the catalytic performance of the HD.