原油破乳剂有效成分检测技术研究

以某未知成分的主流原油破乳剂A为对象进行有效成分检测技术的研究。通过柱层析和萃取法对破乳剂的组分进行分离,利用红外光谱、气相色谱和气相色谱与质谱联用等仪器进行结构分析,用酸性亚甲基蓝法、硫氰酸钴铵法和浊点法鉴别破乳剂所含表面活性剂类型,用硫氰酸钴铵光度法对聚醚进行了定量检测。结果表明,破乳剂A所用溶剂为二甲苯,有效成分为丙二醇聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚醚,有效含量分别为10.5%(以破乳剂A样品计)和21.8%(以烘干后的破乳剂A计),并含有少量烷基苯磺酸钠(0.47%);聚醚中聚氧乙烯与聚氧丙烯链段的摩尔比约为1.13。在油田的实际应用中,可在定性分析的基础上选取硫氰酸钴铵光度法快速检测聚醚类破乳剂的有效成分浓度。

Effective Component Analysis Technology of Oil Demulsifier

The detection technology of effective components in crude oil demulsifier was studied. A generally used demulsifier A with an unknown component was an object. By means of column chromatography and extraction, the components of a demulsifier were separated. Its chemical structure was analyzed by the instrument analysis methods of IR, GC and GC-MS. With acidic methylene blue method, ammonium thiocyanate method and the cloud point method, the type of surfactant in demulsifier A was determined. Using ammonium thiocyanate spectrophotometry, the content of polyether in demulsifier A was quantitative determination. The results showed that the solvent in demulsifier A was xylene, the effective component was propylene glycol polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene polyether, the effective content was 10.5% (with demulsifier A sample) and 21.8% (with drying demulsifier A) respectively. It contained a small amount of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (0.47%). And the molar ratio of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene segment in polyether was 1.13. In practical application in the oilfield, on the basis of qualitative analysis, the effective component content in a polyether demulsifier might be rapidly detected by ammonium thiocyanate photometric method.