Solid waste issue: Sources,composition, disposal,recycling, and valorization |
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Authors: | Hussein I Abdel-Shafy Mona SM Mansour |
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Affiliation: | 1. Water Research & Pollution Control Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt;2. Analysis & Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, 1 Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City Cairo, Egypt |
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Abstract: | Disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in both urban and rural areas in many developed and developing countries. Municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and disposal is one of the major problems of urban environment in most countries worldwide today. MSW management solutions must be financially sustainable, technically feasible, socially, legally acceptable and environmentally friendly. Solid waste management issue is the biggest challenge to the authorities of both small and large cities’.Valorization of food organic waste is one of the important current research areas. The conventional landfill, incineration, composting, and ways of handeling solid wastes are common as mature technologies for waste disposal. Traditionally, the most commonly used technologies for the treatment and valorization of the organic fraction of MSW are composting and anaerobic digestion (AD). The generation of organic solid waste (OSW); worldwide; is dramatically increasing each year. Most of the OSW’s are composed of agricultural waste, household food waste, human and animal wastes, etc. They are normally handled as animal feed, incinerated or disposed to landfill sites. OAW’s are comprised of materials rich in proteins, minerals, and sugars that could be used in other processes as substrates or raw materials. |
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Keywords: | MSW municipal solid waste EPA Environmental Protection Agency SWG solid waste generation HHW household hazardous wastes HW household waste BOD biochemical oxygen demand MC moisture content GHGs greenhouse gases BTEX benzene toluene ethylbenzene and xylenes FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy OFMSW organic fraction of municipal solid waste AD anaerobic digestion MOW municipal organic waste SSF solid state fermentation PHB poly-3-hydroxybutyrate Bt OM organic matter WWTPs wastewater treatment plants EWM enhanced waste management ELFM Enhanced Landfill Mining WtE waste-to-energy WtP waste-to-product RDF refuse derived fuel ISWM Integrated sustainable waste management SmF submerged fermentation IAA integrated agriculture‐aquaculture Valorization of plastic and municipal solid wastes Waste-to-energy Organic solid state fermentation technology Anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes Enhanced Landfill Mining |
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