国内非常规油气地球物理勘探技术现状及进展

我国非常规油气资源储量丰富,分布区域广,具有油气和成藏类型多样、低孔、低渗的特点。目前非常规油气勘探主要还是一些常规地球物理技术的应用,如裂缝检测技术、地震属性及反演技术等。由于非常规油气岩性特征及成藏条件更加复杂,使得常规地球物理勘探技术应用存在很多困难,如岩石物理分析相对单一,常规地震构造成像技术无法满足非常规油气勘探的需求,储层建模简单等。目前一批新技术、新方法在非常规油气勘探中取得初步应用,如万道地震仪和数字检波器应用于采集、波动方程叠前逆时偏移技术应用于成像、全波形反演技术构建准确速度场等。最后文章从软硬件设施、新技术方法研究及应用等方面提出了加快我国非常规油气地球物理勘探技术发展的一些建议。

Status and Evolution of Geophysical Exploration Technology for Unconventional Oil and Gas in China

There are abundant unconventional oil and gas resources in China, and they feature in multiple reservoir types, low porosity, and low permeability. At present, some unconventional geophysical techniques are mainly used for exploration, such as the crack detection technique, the seismic attributes and inversion techniques. Because the lithological characteristics and reservoir accumulation conditions are more complicated, the application of conventional geophysical exploration techniques is difficult, for example, rock physics analysis is single relatively, conventional seismic imaging techniques could not meet the demand of exploration, and reservoir modeling is simple, etc. Now a series of new techniques and new methods have been initially applied to unconventional oil and gas exploration, for instance, million-channel seismograph and digital geophone are applied to acquisition, wave equation prestack reverse time migration techniques are applied to imaging, and full-waveform inversion techniques are used for constructing accurate velocity field, etc. At last, this paper put forward some suggestions for speeding up the development of Chinese unconventional oil and gas geophysical exploration techniques in terms of hardware and software facilities, research on new technical methods and their application.