磁耦合有缆钻杆关键技术与发展趋势

作为高速井下网络通讯部件，磁耦合有缆钻杆利用水眼内的同轴电缆实现信号的高速传输，利用钻杆两端的磁耦合线圈实现了钻杆间的无线通讯，磁耦合通讯使磁耦合有缆钻杆不影响常规接单根等钻井工艺。借助数据服务器、无线短节、中继器、井下单元及各种有缆钻具等功能部件的配合，磁耦合有缆钻杆系统能够实现地面及井下数据的组网通讯，具有高速、双向、全天候的传输特性。磁耦合有缆钻杆的关键技术包含:高速调制解调器、井下令牌环网、虚拟串口技术及分布参数测量等(基于高速调制解调器的井下令牌环网是高效的组网技术)；虚拟串口技术便于第三方厂家快速利用磁耦合有缆钻杆连接自己的测量工具；分布参数测量以较低的成本实现了全井筒的状态监控，在控压钻井、井控安全、钻井参数优化等方面有重要作用。智能(自动化)钻井是钻井业的发展趋势，磁耦合有缆钻杆的独特特性使其适用于智能(自动化)钻井。在减少应用成本的情况下，磁耦合有缆钻杆能够进一步开拓市场。

Key technologies and development trend of magnetic-coupling wired drill pipe

As a high-speed downhole network communication component, magnetic-coupling wired drill pipe makes use of the coaxial cable in the water hole to perform high-speed signal transmission and takes advantage of the magnetic-coupling coil at both ends of the drill pipe to conduct wireless communication between drill pipes. Owing to the application of magnetic-coupling communication, the magnetic-coupling wired drill pipe has no effect on conventional drilling processes, such as pipe connection. Based on the coordination of functional components (e.g. data server, wireless nipple, relay, downhole unit and various wired drilling tool), magnetic-coupling wired drill pipe system can realize networking communication of surface and downhole data. And it has the transmission characteristics of high speed, two ways and all weather. The key technologies of magnetic-coupling wired drill pipe include high-speed modem, downhole token ring, virtual serial port, distribution parameter measurement, etc. The downhole token ring based on high-speed modem is an efficient networking technology. The virtual serial port technology is convenient for the third-party factory to connect its measurement tool quickly by using the magnetic-coupling wired drill pipe. The distribution parameter measurement provides full-hole state monitoring at lower cost and plays an important role in managed pressure drilling, well control safety and drilling parameter optimization. Intelligent (automatic) drilling is the development trend of drilling industry, and magnetic-coupling wired drill pipe is applicable to intelligent (automatic) drilling due to its unique characteristics. Based on the reduction of application cost, magnetic-coupling wired drill pipe will have a broader market further.