聚合物微凝胶制备及在油气田中的应用

聚合物微凝胶是一种聚合物交联网络颗粒，又称聚合物微球。聚合物微球凭借自身优良的耐温、耐盐性和特殊的构型，在油气田开发中应用。随油藏环境越来越恶劣，对聚合物微球的性能也提出了新的要求，研究高性能且稳定的功能型聚合物微球变得愈发重要。笔者综述了聚合物微球的主要制备方法，包括反相乳液聚合法、反相微乳液聚合法、反相悬浮聚合法和分散聚合法，对比了不同制备方法的优缺点。综述了聚合物微球在深部调驱、油田荧光示踪剂和钻井液降滤失方面的应用，介绍了不同微球的功能机理，比较了不同类型调驱用聚合物微球的性能特点，对比了不同荧光聚合物微球的荧光特性。目前针对功能型微球的研究较少，应从构型考虑微球的制备，研发具有特殊功能的微球。为后续功能型聚合物制备和油气田开发应用的研究指明了方向。 

Preparation and application progress of polymer microgel in oil and gas field

Polymer microgel , also known as microspheres,a kind of polymer cross-linked network particles, have been widely used in oilfield development in recent years due to their excellent temperature and salt resistance and special configuration. As the reservoir environment becomes more and more severe, new requirements are put forward for the performance of polymer microsgels. So it is necessary to make the high performance and stable polymer microgels. In this paper, the preparation of polymer microgels were reviewed, including inverse emulsion polymerization, inverse microemulsion polymerization, inverse suspension polymerization and dispersion polymerization. The applications of polymer microgels in deep control and displacement, oilfield tracer and fluid loss control in drilling fluid were summarized. The different mechanism of microgels used in profile control is discussed. The properties of different fluorescent polymer microgels were compared. In order to solve the problems of polymer microspheres, such as few reports on functional polymer microspheres, it is necessary to deepen the research on the configuration of microspheres. And the preparation and application of functional polymers in oil and gas field development was pointed out.