油田油水分离技术及设备研究进展

从20世纪90年代开始,我国大部分油田开采进入中后期,产出液中含水率逐年增加,部分井液的含水率已超过95%,迫切需要高效油水分离设备。油水分离过程可分为从油水混合液中提取原油的原油脱水过程,以及从含油污水中(含油率常低于1%)去除油和其他杂质的含油污水处理过程。对我国现有油水分离设备,包括重力式分离设备和旋流式分离设备的研究进展进行了系统论述,分析了油水分离设备的发展趋势,指出了未来原油脱水装置需要高效、无污染的破乳方法,缩短破乳时间,精简流程,降低能耗。含油污水处理装置需要利用重力、离心、聚结、絮凝及气浮等分离原理综合开发,研发的设备应向节能、多功能和小型化方向发展。

Research Progress of Oil-water Separation Technology and Equipment in Oilfield

Since the 1990 s, most of China’s oil fields have entered the middle and late stage of exploitation. The water content in the produced fluids is increasing year by year and the water content of some well fluids has been more than 95%. There is an urgent need for efficient oil-water separation equipment. The oil-water separation process can be divided into the oil-water removal process for extracting crude oil from the oil-water mixture, and the oil-water treatment process for removing oil and other impurities from oily sewage(oil content is usually less than 1%). The research progress of oil-water separation equipment including gravity separation equipment and swirling separation equipment in China was discussed systematically and the development trend of oil-water separation equipment was pointed out. The crude oil dewatering equipment in the future needs to adopt an efficient and pollution-free, demulsification method. The research direction of oily sewage treatment device needs to be comprehensively developed by using gravity, centrifugation, coalescence, flocculation, air flotation and other separation principles and the equipment developed should be energy saving, multi-functional and miniaturized.