威远区块页岩气水平井固井技术难点及其对策

针对四川盆地威远一长宁国家级页岩示范区威远区块页岩气水平井固井中所面临的油基钻井液与水泥浆不相容、高密度油基钻井液驱替困难、水泥环在大型体积压裂条件下易破坏等问题,有针对性地开展了水泥环密封力学参数理论依据、保证界面胶结的驱油前置液、满足压裂条件的韧性水泥石和有利于井筒密封的固井工艺技术等研究,取得了如下成果:①建立了考虑水泥环塑性特征及界面胶结强度的水泥环密封完整性理论模型,可指导页岩气水平井水泥石力学性能设计,减小微间隙的发生;②开发了驱油前置液,其对油基钻井液的冲洗效率超过90%且与油基钻井液及水泥浆相容性好;③根据水泥环密封完整性理论模型所开发的韧性水泥石,在保证相对较高抗压强度的同时杨氏模量降低30%;④确定了清水顶替等适用于页岩气井的固井技术,有利于保证井筒的密封性能。该研究成果应用于现场的12口井,水平段平均固井优质率达到92%,后期压裂效果良好,有效地保证了井筒的密封完整性,为页岩气高效开发提供了技术支撑。

Technical difficulties in the cementing of horizontal shale gas wells in Weiyuan Block and the countermeasures

When well cementing is conducted in horizontal shale gas wells in Weiyuan Block of the Weiyuan-Changning State Shale Demonstration Area, Sichuan Basin, the oil base drilling fluid is not compatible with cement slurry, is difficult to be displaced because of its high density, and cement sheath tends to be broken in the situations of large-scale stimulated reservoir volume fracturing. In view of these problems, a series of studies were carried out specifically on the theoretical basis of cement sheath sealing mechanical parameters, oil-displacement preflush improving the interface cementation quality, toughness set cement satisfying large-scale fracturing requirements and cementing technology conducive to the wellbore integrity. The following achievements were made. First, the theoretical model of cement sheath mechanical integrity taking into account the plastic characteristics and interface cementation strength of cement sheath is instructive to the mechanical design of set cement for horizontal shale gas wells, avoiding the micro-gaps as much as possible. Second, oil-displacement preflush is developed and it is well compatible with oil base drilling fluids and cement slurry with the flushing efficiency on oil base drilling fluids higher than 90%. Third, the tough set cement which is developed based on the theoretical model of cement sheath sealing integrity not only guarantees higher compressive strength, but decreases Young’s modulus by 30%. Forth, it is confirmed that water displacement cementing technology suitable for shale gas wells is conducive to improving the wellbore seal integrity. These research findings were applied in 12 horizontal wells. It is indicated that the quality cementing ratio of horizontal segment reaches 92% and the post fracturing effect is very good, which guarantees the sealing integrity of wellbores and provides a technical support for the high efficient development of shale gas reservoirs.