水力空化改质对重质原油沥青质及性质的影响

利用水力空化过程产生局部的高温、高压、高射流以及强大的剪切力等极端化学物理条件改质处理沙特重质原油，试验结果表明：沙特重质原油经过水力空化改质后粘度由13.61降低至7.22mm2/s，残碳由7.16%降低至6.48%，实沸点蒸馏后减压渣油降低1个百分点。进一步采用APPI FT-IR MS、XRD、FT-IR、SEM和粒度分布等技术研究了水力空化改质对沙重原油分子组成，沥青质团聚体微晶结构、沥青质胶束粒径分布、沥青质官能团、沥青质形貌等方面的影响，从分子角度阐述空化改质重油的机理。研究结果表明：水力空化改质后沙重原油分子量分布、芳烃类化合物缔合作用变小；沥青质对低DBE化合物吸附性能降低；沥青质团聚体微晶结构更加松散；沥青质胶束粒度分布降低；沥青质分子相互团聚作用力减弱。进一步考察了水力空化改质前后减压渣油延迟焦化性能，改质处理后焦炭产率降低1.85个百分点，液体收率和气体产率分别增加1.52和0.33个百分点，水力空化改质对沥青质性质、结构特点的改善能够有效的提高其加工性能。

Upgradation of heavy crude oil via hydrodynamic cavitation technique through variations in asphaltenes

In this work, Saudi heavy crude oil (SHCO) was upgraded by hydrodynamic cavitation bubble collapse technique. Collapse of cavitation bubbles instantly produces extreme effects such as high temperature, pressure, high jet flow and strong shear force, which played significant role for upgradation process. The results revealed that the properties of SHCO such as, viscosity and Conradson carbon residue were reduced from 13.61 mm2/s, 7.16% to 7.22 mm2/s, 6.48%, respectively. True boiling point distillation findings showed that the vacuum residue (VR) was also decreased by 1%. APPI FT-IR MS, XRD, DLS, FT-IR, and SEM were employed to characterize the molecular composition, crystalline structure, asphaltene aggregates particle size distribution, functional groups, and morphology, respectively to understand the effect on asphaltenes by hydrodynamic cavitation technique. The obtained results demonstrated that hydrodynamic cavitation upgradation reduced the interaction forces between asphaltenes molecules, making the crystalline structure of asphaltenes aggregates weak, reduce the degree of association of aromatic compounds in SHCO and asphaltenes, and decrease the particle size distribution. The delayed coking properties of the VR was further investigated to feedback the upgradation effect. The coke yield decreased by 1.85%, and the liquid and gas yields increased by 1.52% and 0.33%, respectively. Hence, the improvement in asphaltenes properties and structural characteristics can effectively improve its processing performance.