中国燃煤火电煤灰渣在主体墙材中利用所致居民剂量估算

本文通过分析1992—2010年期间中国燃煤火电发电量、煤灰渣中天然γ核素含量、煤灰渣综合利用情况及掺煤灰渣的主体墙材所建居室内的辐射照射情景,采用居室内墙体所致居民的内外照射剂量估算模式,评估了在主体墙材中利用燃煤火电煤灰渣引起的附加辐射剂量。结果表明:主体墙材中掺入煤灰渣后,所建居室内的居民受到的辐射剂量增加,这与类似的研究结论一致;我国掺燃煤火电煤灰渣的墙材相对于红砖所致居民的总附加年有效个人剂量为0.01～0.30 mSv/a,均值约0.22 mSv/a,其中内照射贡献占82%的份额;1992—2010年期间我国燃煤火电煤灰渣在主体墙材中的利用所致居民归一化附加集体剂量在1.92×10³ ～5.85×10³ 人·Sv/GWa之间;煤灰渣的利用对室内²²²Rn浓度升高的贡献份额均值为28%,范围为7%～38%。该研究结果可为燃煤火电煤灰渣利用政策的制定和燃煤火电放射性环境风险分析提供必要的基础数据。

Assessment of radiation dose to inhabitants from coal ashin main wall material in China

Additional radiation dose to inhabitants living in buildings constructed with wall material containing coal ash were evaluated through the investigations on electricity generation of coal-fired power plants (CFPs), activity concentration of natural γ nuclides in coal ash, comprehensive utilization of coal ash in wall materials in China and the indoor radiation exposure scenarios during 1992—2010. The results showed that: the radiation dose for inhabitants living in these buildings increased with the addition of coal ash in main wall material, which was consistent with the reported data. In China, the total additional annual effective individual dose from wall material containing coal ash was 0.01-0.30 mSv/a higher than that from red bricks, with an average of 0.22 mSv/a; and the internal dose approached to 82%. The additional normalized collective dose during 1992—2010 was approximately (1.92×10³)-(5.85×10³) man·Sv/GWa. It was also found that the average contribution to the increase of indoor radon concentration from use of main wall material containing coal ash approached to 28%, with a range of 7%-38%. The results obtained in this study provided essential basic data for the utilization policy of coal ash and environmental radiological risk analysis for CFPs.