单细胞单粒子微束的发展及放射生物学应用现状

综述了单细胞单粒子微束的发展及其在放射生物学方面的应用现状。通过准直或聚焦方式,可以将加速器粒子束流在空气中的束斑限定到微米或亚微米大小,而聚焦微束因其更高的空间分辨率和更快的电磁扫描照射速度成为发展主流;借助于先进的荧光显微镜及微速成像技术,当前的粒子微束能够对活细胞辐射诱导DNA损伤的早期响应进行在线可视化观测。微束对单个细胞或亚细胞结构进行精准定量和定位照射的特点,使其成为低剂量效应、辐射诱导旁效应以及亚细胞结构辐射敏感性研究的重要实验工具,正逐步将其应用从细胞培养模型拓展到更为复杂的组织或体内模型,用于研究受照生物样品辐射响应的空间和时间演化规律。

Development of single-cell single-particle microbeam and applications in radiobology

The latest development of single-cell single-particle microbeam and its applications in radiobiology are reviewed. Particle beam from accelerator can be collimated or be focused into micrometer or sub-micrometer size in the air. Focused microbeam has become the mainstream of development due to its higher spatial resolution and faster electromagnetic scanning irradiation throughput. Coupling with advanced fluorescence microscopy and time-lapse imaging, the current microbeam can visualize the early response of living cell to radiation induced DNA damage online. Based on the characteristics of targeted irradiation individual cell or subcellular compartment with precise controlled particle number, microbeam has become a unique experimental research tool for low dose effect, radiation induced bystander effect and radiation sensitivity of subcellular compartment. Its applications are gradually expanding from cell culture model to more complex tissue or in vivo system in order to investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of radiation response of irradiated biological samples.