金属氚化物中氦泡生长显微机制研究现状与发展趋势

氚是核聚变反应的关键核燃料，金属氚化物是国防领域及核聚变能源领域中的重要功能材料。氚衰变产生的氦原子及其演化过程严重影响金属氚化物的宏观性能，氦泡的形成与驻留又会影响金属氚化物的贮氚性能，金属氚化物中氦泡生长机制的研究是备受关注的重要科学问题。受限于氚的放射性和缺乏对氚与氦等轻元素原子的显微分析技术，氦泡生长模型的研究长期处于唯象理论阶段。近年来，随着电子显微分析技术的进步，提出了更加准确分析氦泡信息的新技术，氦泡生长显微机制研究取得了新的突破。本文将首先简要介绍金属氚化物中氦泡生长机制的主要理论与成果，然后介绍电子显微分析技术的发展及研究成果，最后针对氦泡生长显微机制的研究趋势做出展望。

Research Progress and Development Tendency on Microscopic Mechanism of Helium Bubble Growth in Metal Tritide

Tritium is the key nuclear fuel in nuclear fusion reaction, and the metal tritides are important functional materials in the fields of national defense and nuclear fusion energy. The generation of helium atoms during the decay of radioactive tritium atoms and their evolution during aging seriously affect the macroscopic properties of metal tritides. The formation and residence of helium bubbles will affect the tritium storage properties of metal tritides. The research on the helium bubble growth mechanism in the metal tritide has attracted more attentions. Due to the radioactivity of tritium atom and the lack of microscopic analysis techniques for the light element atoms of tritium and helium, the establishment of helium bubble growth model has been in phenomenology theory for a long time. In recent years, with the progress of electron microscopic analysis technology, new technologies for the accurate analysis of helium bubble information have been proposed, which enhances more accurate and deeper understanding on the microscopic mechanism of helium bubble growth in the metal tritides. This paper will first introduce the main achievements of the researches on the microscopic mechanism of helium bubble growth in metal tritides, and then focus on the new electron microscopic analysis technologies and its research progress. Finally, the research trend of the microscopic mechanism of helium bubble growth is prospected.