聚变堆偏滤器冷却通道结构优化分析

偏滤器作为直接面向等离子体的内部部件之一,其表面承受的热流密度很高。为提高其冷却通道的冷却能力,降低此部件面向等离子体面边缘的温度,从改变冷却通道截面形状的角度提出了不同的改进方案,并采用理论计算与有限元仿真对原始设计和改进方案进行了流体、热和结构分析。结果表明:在冷却通道的横截面积不变的情况下,随着湿周周长的增加,冷却能力有所提高,钨边缘的局部温度过高得到改善;但冷却通道形状的变化出现应力集中现象,通过提高长宽比可适当提高其在材料应力限值下所能承受的稳态运行的热流密度。这些优化分析结果可为聚变堆偏滤器冷却结构的设计提供理论参考。

Optimization Analysis for Structure of Cooling Channel of Fusion Reactor Divertor

As one of the most important in-vessel components, the divertor withstands highly surface heat flux. In order to reduce the temperature of the divertor edge of plasma facing component by the way of improving the cooling capacity of its cooling pipes, alternative designs of cooling channel with different shapes were proposed from the perspective of cooling pipe cross-section shape. Furthermore, the fluid, thermal and structural analysis among these different designs was done with both the theoretical method and finite-element simulation. The results show that heat removal ability of cooling pipe is enhanced and local temperature of tungsten edge is improved with the increase of wetted perimeter while the cross-sectional area of cooling channel keeps the same value. Moreover, the stress concentration arises with the company of changing cross-section shape. Additionally, the heat flux in steady state operation on the basis of limit stress of material can be appropriately mitigated by increasing the length-width ratio. The analysis result could be a good basis for the design of divertor cooling structure for fusion reactor.