道路光伏发电对道路光环境的影响研究

良好的光环境是保障道路交通安全的必备条件之一。在城市道路上空覆盖光伏板发电形成了新的半围合式道路空间,势必会引起道路光环境的改变。基于Ecotect软件(加载radiance插件)进行道路采光对比模拟实验,探讨覆盖光伏板后其光环境的改变及光伏板的最佳铺设形式。实验设计了对照组(未覆盖光伏板状态下的道路)与实验组(平铺、斜铺、弧形顶铺设、双坡顶铺设4种形式)。实验结果表明,支架高度一定时,平铺、弧形与双坡顶3种方式下采光情况一致,不同的顶面形式不会带来道路采光的变化,而当支架高度改变时,道路采光变化显著。三者相较,出于经济性等因素的考虑,平铺最佳。斜铺、平铺与未铺设相较,斜铺因存在顶板采光补偿不会对道路的光环境产生影响,而平铺会造成不同程度的采光遮挡,带来路灯开关灯时间增加0.5~1 h。基于光环境为考量的道路上空光伏板铺设最佳形式是斜铺,平铺次之。最终光伏板的最佳铺设形式还要综合考虑热工、声环境、造价、发电效率及能耗等各方面效益,不可偏废其一。

Influence of Photovoltaic Panels Laying on the Road to the Light Environment

Good light environment is one of the necessary conditions to ensure the safety of road traffic. Covering photovoltaic panels on city road to form a new semi-enclosed space is bound to lead to changes in the road light environment. Based on Ecotect software(loading radiance plug-in) for road lighting simulation experiments, it explores the change of light environment after laying photovoltaic panels and the best laying mode. The experiment designs two groups:the control group(not covered PV panels) and the experimental group(horizontal laying form, inclined laying form, curved roof laying form, double slope laying form of PV panels). The experiment results show that when the height of the bracket is fixed, the light environment of horizontal laying form, curved roof laying form and double slope laying form is the same. Different laying forms will not lead to changes in road lighting. The road lighting changes significantly as the height of the bracket changes. In the three, for economic and other factors, the best form is horizontal laying form. The horizontal laying form, inclined laying form, comparing with no laying form, inclined laying form has no impact on the road light environment due to the existence of roof lighting compensation, and horizontal laying form causes different degree of lighting shelter and brings extra 0.5~1 hours of street lighting time. Based on light environment, the best laying form is inclined laying mode, horizontal laying mode is second. The finally best laying form of PV panels needs to consider the benefits of all aspects, for example, thermal, acoustic environment, cost, power efficiency and energy consumption , and so on, any one can not be ignored.