面向城市高密度街区舒适风环境的设计策略研究——以北京三条商业街的实地数据分析为例

城市建筑布局与城市外部风资源的相互作用决定了城市建成环境内部风环境的特征,对城市热岛效应、建筑能耗、建筑室内外的热舒适、空气质量以及居民健康都具有一定的影响作用。本研究试图避免复杂且高成本的计算机模拟,而基于常年大量现场测试的物理环境指标,采用数据统计分析的方法,通过相对简单的城市建成环境的形态参数和外部城市风环境获取步行街区行人高度下的微环境风速,而同时又保证风环境关键信息的可接受精度和准确性。研究数据的获取主要基于北京王府井步行街、前门大街、大栅栏商业街三处街区环境,并同步采集了城市外部的风向与风速数据。提出并建立的城市行人尺度下的风环境模型能够更加有效地应用于高密度城市区域规划与设计实践的初步设计阶段。

Design Strategy of the Comfortable Wind Environment for Urban High Density Neighborhoods:case study of three commercial streets in Beijing

The interaction between urban building layout and urban external wind resources determines the characteristics of internal wind environment in the urban built environment,which has a certain influence on urban heat island effect,building energy consumption,indoor and outdoor thermal comfort,air quality and residents' health.This study attempts to exploit the method of data statistical analysis,rather than using the complex and costly computer simulations.By the relatively simple form parameters of the urban built environment and external urban wind environment to obtained the micro-environment wind speed of pedestrian height in pedestrian streets,while ensuring the acceptable accuracy and accuracy of the key information of wind environment.The research data are mainly based on the street environment of Beijing Wangfujing Pedestrian Street,Qianmen Street and Dashilan Commercial Street,winds and wind speed outside the city are collected synchronously.The model of wind environment in urban pedestrian scale proposed and established can be applied to the preliminary design stage of the regional planning and design practice of high-density cities.