中国古代“玫瑰”含义考

通过系统梳理、比较大量古籍文献来探究“玫瑰” 词源,结论归结如下：1)“玫瑰”较早在汉代为“火齐(音 霁)珠”的宝珠,后晋代《西京杂记》中首次出现了作植物义 的西汉“玫瑰”,但其与现代植物学中玫瑰(Rosa rugosa) 的关联性尚缺乏直接证据;2)“玫瑰”含义的转变体现了珠 宝与同名植物在形、色、香上的关联;3)古代“玫瑰”二字 音形多重,早在汉代就记有与现代相同的读法,早期“玫” 又作“玟”,“瑰”还可音“回”;4)玫瑰作为植物别名众 多,如徘徊花、离娘草、玉蕊等,其中一些还与蔷薇属其他植 物有关联,且寓意多元。对古代“玫瑰”含义的考证研究,有 利于中国传统植物资源和文化的保护和传承,也为我国花文化 的创新与发展提供重要参考。

Textual Research on the Meaning of "Meigui" in Ancient China

Through a systematic comparison of a large number of ancient documents to explore the "Meigui" etymology, the conclusion comes down as follows: 1) "Meigui" in the early Han Dynasty meant the fire pearl "Huojizhu", and there appeared the plant "Meigui" of the Western Han Dynasty in the Stories of Chang''an of the Jin Dynasty. But there is no direct evidence for the correlation between "Meigui" and Rosa rugosa; 2) The change in the meaning of "Meigui" reflects the shape, color and fragrance association between jewelry and the plant; 3) In ancient times, "Mei" and "Gui" had multiple sounds and forms. In the Han Dynasty, there are the same pronunciation with that of modern times. In early times, "Mei" was also written as "Wen" and the "Gui" also sounded "Hui"; 4) There are many other common names of Rosa rugosa, such as Paihuai, Liniang, Yurui, etc. Some of them are also related to other plants of the genus Rosa, which also mean different things. The textual research on the meaning of "Meigui" in ancient times is beneficial to the protection and inheritance of Chinese traditional plant resources and culture, and also provides an important reference for the innovation and development of Chinese flower culture.