自然通风环境下办公建筑中庭空间热舒适性模糊优化研究

：随着绿色建筑设计理念深入人心，办 公建筑的中庭空间因其特有空间特质受到越来 越多的关注。通常办公中庭空间中的节能性与热 舒适性是一对矛盾体，而自然通风作为被动节能 技术之一，不仅能够促进中庭空间的内外空气 循环，改善室内空气质量，而且降低能耗和提升 热舒适性，较好地解决这一矛盾。以江雅园办公 楼中庭空间为案例进行研究，从中庭屋顶形态、 中庭高度及进风口开启方式三个变量因素出发， 引用模糊评估方法寻找出中庭空间自然通风热 舒适性最佳方案，结论显示在多个组合方案中 斜屋顶形态+进风口全部开启的方案热舒适性最 佳，同时也证明屋顶形态与通风方式的变化对自 然通风舒适性的影响较大，而中庭空间高度的变化对自然通风舒适性影响较小。本研究希望建立一套以风速和温度为评价指标的模糊体系，为自 然通风的热舒适性的评价提供一种客观的评估手段，从而为方案阶段的中庭空间设计提供一种 有效的优化方法。

Fuzzy Optimization Research on Thermal Comfort of Atrium Space in Office Buildings Under the Natural Ventilation Environment

Atrium space is a creative achievement in the process of exploring architectural space. It not only enriches architectural space, but also plays a role in improving the living environment. With the design concept of green building deeply rooted in the hearts of people, the atrium space of office buildings has attracted more and more attention due to its unique spatial characteristics. In the atrium space of office buildings, energy conservation and thermal comfort are a pair of contradictions. As one of the passive energy conservation technologies, natural ventilation can not only promote the internal and external air circulation in the atrium space, improve the indoor air quality, but also play a dual role in reducing energy consumption and improving thermal comfort. Some studies have shown that buildings with natural ventilation can significantly reduce energy consumption costs by 40% compared with buildings with air conditioning. Therefore, this paper believes that natural ventilation, an energy-saving technology, can better solve the contradiction between energy conservation and thermal comfort. However, there are still some deficiencies and difficulties in the research on the natural ventilation of the atrium space of the office building in the pre project design. On the one hand, with the help of computer related model software analysis, natural ventilation numerical simulation analysis is mostly used to verify the performance of existing building design schemes, but less used for design consideration; on the other hand, the previous research on natural ventilation mainly focused on the single index of wind speed, less on other indicators such as thermal comfort, and there is usually no clear correlation between the indicators related to thermal comfort, so there are certain difficulties and deficiencies in the study of multiple indicators. In view of the above mentioned shortcomings and difficulties, this paper takes the actual project as an example, uses the numerical simulation method to simulate and analyze the natural ventilation, and introduces the concept of fuzzy mathematics to try to fuzzy optimize the two important indicators that affect thermal comfort, namely wind speed and temperature, in the background and theory of fuzzy mathematics. In view of the many factors affecting the natural ventilation of the atrium space of the office building, according to the actual situation of the atrium space of Jiangyayuan office building, thispaper adopts the method of control variables to control the three factors of the atrium space, namely, the roof shape, the atrium height, and the opening mode of the air inlet. In order to get visualized wind speed data and temperature data, fluent in ANSYS 15.0 was used for CFD simulation analysis in this paper. A total of 14 kinds of natural ventilation schemes under different working conditions are drawn up. Fuzzy evaluation method is used to find the best thermal comfort scheme. The results show that the scheme of inclined roof +all air inlets open is the best among the 14 schemes, and the condition C4 is superior to the conditions C2 and C3 when only two air inlets can be opened; Under the condition that three air inlets can be opened, conditions C5 and C7 are better than conditions C6. In addition, through research and analysis, this paper mainly draws the following conclusions. 1) From the changes of the atrium roof shape, it can be seen that the natural ventilation thermal comfort of the atrium space under the slope roof shape is better. In the early design stage, the atrium shape of the slope roof should be used as far as possible. 2) The change of the space height of the atrium has little impact on the thermal comfort of natural ventilation. Therefore, in the early design stage, it is recommended to make appropriate choices when considering other actual situations comprehensively. 3) The air inlet opening mode of the atrium has a great impact on the indoor thermal comfort. Different air inlet opening modes have different effects on the thermal comfort. This method can provide the best choice under different conditions and schemes. With the continuous innovation of the design of office atrium space, thermal comfort will become an important indicator of the preliminary work of design. The technical research methods in this paper not only provide a method for selecting the best in the early stage of architectural scheme design, but also help guide the window opening mode of later buildings to guide natural ventilation, so as to provide suggestions for the operational effectiveness of buildings.