东非大裂谷埃塞俄比亚段地质特征及地热资源分布特征研究

东非大裂谷代表岩石圈层位的一个大型减薄带,是陆地上最大的断裂带。东非大裂谷埃塞俄比亚段贯穿整个埃塞俄比亚岩石系列单元,是埃塞俄比亚板块(努比亚板块)和索马里板块的离散边界,延伸超过1000 km。本文通过系统总结该区域多年来的地质学、地球物理等研究成果,结合部分地质调查结果,得出埃塞俄比亚裂谷系统的北部为阿法尔洼地,是一个规模巨大的三角形构造拗陷地带；南部为埃塞俄比亚主裂谷,其内部形成较为对称的地堑系统,进而发育了数量众多的断陷湖。由于埃塞俄比亚板块和索马里板块持续性裂谷作用,裂谷系统内形成了丰富的地热资源。其中,阿法尔洼地的Danakil地区及主裂谷的阿巴塔湖(Lake Abiata)和莎拉湖(Lake Shala)的地热资源具有较好的资源勘查潜力,值得当地企业进一步关注。

Research of geological characteristics and geothermal resource potential in Ethiopian of the East African Rift System

The East African Rift System is an intra-continental ridge system, comprising an axial rift. Located in the northern part of the East African Rift System. The Ethiopian section of the Rift Valley runs through the entire Ethiopian rock series unit and is a discrete boundary between the Ethiopian (Nubian) and Somali plates, extending over 1000 km. By systematically summarizing the geological and geophysical research results in the region over the years, combined with some geological survey results, this paper concludes that the northern part of the Ethiopian Rift Valley system is the Afar Depression, which is a large-scale triangular tectonic depression. To the south is the main rift valley of Ethiopia, which forms a more symmetrical graben system inside it, terminating the formation of a large number of fault lakes. Due to the continuous rift valley action of the Ethiopian and Somali Plates, rich geothermal resources have been formed within the rift valley system. The geothermal resources of Danakil in the Afar Depression and Lake Abiata and Lake Shala in the main rift valley have good resource exploration potential, which deserves further attention from local enterprises.