我国供热节能中的问题和解决途径

分析了我国集中供热系统热利用效率低,运行能耗高的主要原因,并讨论了目前分户计量、按热量收费改革的问题。认为根据目前居住特点,这种热改方式不适合在我国推广。应采取按楼计量、楼内按面积分摊的方式。这可以激励围护结构的保温改造,并在技术上和经济上都可行。为了解决由于系统设计不当和调节不当导致局部过热造成的热损失问题,提出在楼的热入口采用换热或混水,在楼内实行“大流量、小温差、低水温”的供热方式,使每栋楼可在不同的入口水温下运行,以有效减少由于散热器面积不匹配、建筑内局部热源、系统流量不均等原因造成的局部过热现象,提高集中供热系统的热利用效率。

Problems in improvement of central heating systems in China and possible solutions

Analyses the main reasons for lower heating efficiency and over high operating energy consumption in the central heating systems and discusses current heating reform turning unit building area based charging system into household heat metering and charging.Considers that it may not suitable for Chinese living situations.It should be taken to measure the heat on every building heat entrance and allocate the cost to each household according to its building area.This fashion can prompt envelop thermal insulation improvement,and be possible in technological and economical aspects.In order to solve the unbalance problem and increase the system efficiency of central heating,proposes installing mixing pumps or heat exchangers at the heat entrance of each building."Large circulation flow rate with small temperature difference and low supply temperature" can be used to operate in the building internal system and "small circulation flow rate with large temperature difference" can then be used in the central heating network outside buildings,so that solve the unbalance problem in central heating systems caused by poor matched radiators,existence of indoor heat source and uneven circulation flow rate,and increase system efficiency much more.