地铁站突发爆炸人员伤亡评估模型研究

地铁站空间封闭,人流密集,突发爆炸下易造成灾难性后果。选取武汉某典型地铁站为例,研究地铁站中突发爆炸时冲击波的传播规律,预测爆炸造成的人员伤亡区域。通过建立地铁站内部空间的流固耦合模型,研究了爆炸冲击波在站厅层的传播过程及衰减规律,探讨了地铁站内边墙、立柱、电梯井等边界对冲击波传播的影响。以爆炸超压伤害为判据,将地铁站中人员伤亡划分为死亡、重伤、中伤、轻伤和安全等5种伤亡等级。研究了地铁站厅层不同爆炸当量下造成的人员伤亡情况,在空间上划分不同伤亡程度的预测区域,建立了地铁站突发爆炸人员伤亡评估预测的数学模型。研究成果可为地下工程突发爆炸下的应急抢险提供理论和技术支撑,具有重要的理论意义和工程价值。

Research on Evaluation Model of Sudden Explosion Casualty in Subway Station

The subway station is closed and its crowds are intensive. It is easy to cause catastrophic consequences under sudden explosion.A typical subway station in Wuhan was selected as an example. The purpose was to study the propagation law of explosion shock wave and predict the area of casualties caused by the explosion while a sudden explosion was happened in the subway station. By establishing the internal fluid-solid coupling model of the subway station, the propagation process and attenuation law of the explosion shock wave in the station floor were studied, and the influence of the boundary pairs such as the side wall, column and elevator shaft of the subway station on shock wave propagation were also discussed. Based on the criteria of explosion overpressure injury, it was divided into five types of casualties, including death, serious injuries, slander, minor injuries and safety. And we also proposed to study the people casualties caused by different explosive equivalents in the subway station hall. In the case of casualties, the prediction areas of different casualties were divided in subway station internal space, and a assessment model, as well as a mathematical formula, was established in order to assess the casualties of sudden explosions in subway stations which is simple to use. The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for emergency rescue under the sudden explosion in underground engineering, which has important theoretical significance and engineering value.