Implications of using refined plastic hinge analysis for load and resistance factor design

A plastic hinge analysis based on a two-surface stiffness degradation model is outlined for second-order inelastic analysis of steel structures. The analysis approach is based on refinements to the elastic-plastic hinge method and allows for a smooth transition from initial yielding to the full yielding of cross-sections in a beam-column element. This analysis method shows a good representation of the inelastic structural response compared to the conventional elastic-plastic hinge analysis, and it is efficient for use in the analysis design of large-scale structures. Design implications, recommendations and case studies for use of refined plastic hinge analysis for direct frame design considering semirigid connection effects are presented.