地形、嬗变、园林——意、法古典园林中的轴线思辨

意、法传统园林中常见的轴线与自然景观有巨大的差别。本文重点结合意大利美帝奇别墅、阿尔多布兰迪尼别墅和法国维贡府邸的轴线设计进行分析,探讨并总结了通过轴上自然的介入、动线和高程设计、对地平线合理的视觉控制等结合地形的园林轴线设计技法,进而对意、法古典园林轴线是建筑的外延这一认知进行了思辨,指出轴线只是西方一种惯用的建筑学符号工具,具有轴线的园林仍然具有其独立的审美特征这一结论。

Terrain, Evolution and Garden ,A Study of Axis in Classical Italian and French Gardens

The axis was widely used in traditional Italian and French gardens. The symmetrical elements and one point perspective viewpoint on it are quite different from that of natural landscape. The article studied Villa Medici, Aldoblandini and Vaux as cases to explore the possibility. The results pointed out that by penetrating transverse axis, shifting principle axis and walk route design, combined with visual manipulation of the horizon, it is possible to make an axis＇ s perspective as wide, open and deep as nature. And axis is rather an architectural tool than a symbol of architecture.