基于IHA-RVA法的人类活动对窟野河流域水文情势影响评估

定量评估人类活动对流域水文情势的影响是维持流域生态平衡的一项重要基础研究工作。基于窟野河径流控制站温家川水文站1954~2016年的日径流数据,采用IHA-RVA法计算了水土保持效应期和煤矿开采影响期流域的水文情势指标变化情况。结果表明,水保措施和煤矿开采均导致窟野河径流的水文情势发生改变,其改变度分别为中度和高度,煤矿开采对流域水文情势的影响更大;受人类活动干扰后,温家川水文站在水土保持效应期有17个水文指标发生了中度改变,煤矿开采影响期有21个指标发生了高度改变,两个时期相比较有13个指标发生了高度改变,分别占指标总数的53.1%、63.6%、39.4%;水保措施涵养水源的作用较明显,煤矿开采的减水效应大于水保措施的减水效应,其中煤矿开采消减洪峰的作用大于水保措施消减洪峰的作用。研究成果对于流域水资源开发与保护有重要意义。

Assessment of Hydrological Regime Change Under Human Activities in the Kuyehe River Based on IHA-RVA

To quantitatively evaluate human activities impact on a river basin hydrological regime is an important and fundamental study for maintaining an ecological balance.Based on the daily runoff data from 1954 to 2016 in Wenjiachuan Hydrologic Station of Kuyehe River,the IHA-RVA was used to calculate the hydrological regime index change during the soil and water conservation effective phase and coal mining impact phase.The results show that both soil and water conservation and coal mining have led to the change of hydrological regime of the river runoff,its change degree is moderate and high,furthermore,coal mining’s effect on the basin’s hydrological regime is even greater;17 hydrological indices during soil and water conservation effect phase in Wenjiachuan Station have a moderate change because of the human activities impact,while 21 indices in coal mining impact period have greatly changed.Compared with those of the two phases,the much changed 13 indices make up 53.1%,63.6%and 39.4% of the total indexes,respectively;Soil and water conservation has well functioned in conserving water source,while the water reduction of the coal mining is greater than that of soil and water conservation,including the flood peak reduction by coal mining.The result is of great significance to water resources development and protection.