地下水动态时空变化特征及其驱动因素

鉴于分析地下水位动态时空变化特征和影响因素是地下水资源管理和保护的基础工作,以中牟县为例,根据地下水位埋深、降雨、蒸发、地下水开采、水文等资料,采用Mann-Kendall检验法、ArcGIS空间分析模块、主成分分析等方法,定量分析了地下水位埋深数据的趋势性、地下水动态时空变化特征以及不同影响因素对地下水动态变化的影响力。结果表明,研究区地下水位埋深整体上呈增大趋势;研究区各地下水位埋深区间面积变化较大,地下水位埋深0~3、9~12 m所占面积有减少趋势,3~6、6~9 m所占面积有增加趋势;以开采、蒸发为主的排泄因子对地下水位埋深的增大起了主导作用,占影响力的60.5%,导致地下水位呈下降趋势;运用主成分回归分析法对研究区地下水位埋深的拟合效果较为理想。

Study on Spatial and Temporal Variability of Groundwater and Driving Factors

The analysis of dynamic change and its influencing factors is the basic work of management and protection of groundwater resources. The article takes Zhongmou County as the research area. According to the data of buried depth of groundwater, rainfall, evaporation, groundwater exploitation, hydrology and other data, the study uses Mann Kendall test method, ArcGIS spatial analysis module and principle component analysis to analyze the trend and dynamic spatial temporal change of groundwater buried depth and the impacts of different factors on groundwater. The research results show that the groundwater burial depth of the study area appears an increasing trend; the area of the groundwater depth changes greatly; the groundwater depth shows a downward trend which changes from 0 3 m and 9 12 m, but it shows a upward trend in the range of 3 6 m and 6 9 m; the excretion factor consist of evaporation and exploitation brings about the upward trend of the groundwater burial depth, whose influence accounted for 60.5%, so the groundwater level of Zhongmou County was decreasing. It gets an ideal effect to fit the measured value of groundwater buried depth in the study area with the principle component regression analysis.