Characterisation of zirconium and titanium phosphates and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance of functionally graded Nafion(R) composite membranes prepared out of them |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Dental Materials and MRC Project, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;2. Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwang-Ju Center, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Book-Gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;1. A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 13 Lavrentieva Aven., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;2. Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;1. Membrane Separations Group, Chemical Engineering Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India;2. Process Simulation and Control Group, Chemical Engineering Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India;1. Advanced Materials Research Institute for BIN Fusion Technology (BK Plus Global Program), Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea;3. Advanced Wind Power System Research Center, Department of Polymer &Nanoscience and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;2. Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China |
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| Abstract: | Pure layered phosphates of varying crystalline phases and crystallinity and composites of gradient layers of zirconium phosphate in Nafion 117-membranes have been prepared. The proton conductivity and, in case of the composites, also the dynamic mechanical properties of these materials were measured under different conditions of temperature and humidity. Membrane-electrode assemblies with low platinum catalyst loading of 0.4 mg cm?2 Pt at the cathode and 1.9 mg cm?2 Pt–Ru at the anode were examined in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) at medium temperatures (130 °C). The conductivity of the layered zirconium phosphates is superior to the titanium phosphates and increases with decreasing crystallite size. The electrical performance of the composites in a DMFC-environment is slightly decreased as compared to the unmodified membrane but taking the reduced methanol crossover into account, higher efficiencies can be reached with the zirconium phosphate modified membrane. Furthermore, the mechanical properties are significantly improved by the presence of the inorganic compound. |
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