Characteristics of hydrochar and liquid fraction from hydrothermal carbonization of cassava rhizome |
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| Authors: | Kamonwat Nakason Bunyarit Panyapinyopol Vorapot Kanokkantapong Nawin Viriya-empikul Wasawat Kraithong Prasert Pavasant |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand;2. Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, 10400, Thailand;3. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand;4. The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut''s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand;5. National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand;6. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of cassava rhizome (CR) was performed to investigate the effect of process parameters including temperature, time, and biomass to water ratio (BTW) on characteristics of hydrochar and liquid fraction products. The effect of temperature was two-fold. First, an increase in reaction temperature from 160 to 180 °C decreased hydrochar yield from 54 to 51%, however, a further increase of temperature from 180 to 200 °C saw an increase in the hydrochar yield to 58%. This was associated to degradation, polymerization, and condensation reactions during HTC. The hydrogen/carbon and oxygen/carbon atomic ratios decreased from 1.4 and 0.6 at 160 °C to 1.2 and 0.4 at 200 °C, respectively. The liquid fraction contained various valuable chemical species including, glucose, furan compounds, (furfural, furfuryl alcohol, hydroxymethylfurfural), volatile fatty acid (succinic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, levulinic acid, and propionic acid) with their highest yields (wt.% dry raw material) of 4.5, 18.5, and 24.3, respectively. |
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| Keywords: | Waste utilization Chemical platform Agricultural waste Lignicellulosic material Biomass |
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