Exploring the feasibility of green hydrogen production using excess energy from a country-scale 100% solar-wind renewable energy system |
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Affiliation: | 1. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;2. Institute of Research for Technology Development (IR4TD), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;3. Mechanical Engineering Department, Villanova University, PA, United States;4. Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Giza, Egypt |
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Abstract: | When planning large-scale 100% renewable energy systems (RES) for the year 2050, the system capacity is usually oversized for better supply-demand matching of electrical energy since solar and wind resources are highly intermittent. This causes excessive excess energy that is typically dissipated, curtailed, or sold directly. The public literature shows a lack of studies on the feasibility of using this excess for country-scale co-generation. This study presents the first investigation of utilizing this excess to generate green hydrogen gas. The concept is demonstrated for Jordan using three solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and hybrid PV-wind RESs, all equipped with Lithium-Ion battery energy storage systems (ESSs), for hydrogen production using a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) system. The results show that the PV-based system has the highest demand-supply fraction (>99%). However, the wind-based system is more favorable economically, with installed RES, ESS, and PEM capacities of only 23.88 GW, 2542 GWh, and 20.66 GW. It also shows the highest hydrogen annual production rate (172.1 × 103 tons) and the lowest hydrogen cost (1.082 USD/kg). The three systems were a better option than selling excess energy directly, where they ensure annual incomes up to 2.68 billion USD while having payback periods of as low as 1.78 years. Furthermore, the hydrogen cost does not exceed 2.03 USD/kg, which is significantly lower than the expected cost of hydrogen (3 USD/kg) produced using energy from fossil fuel-based systems in 2050. |
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Keywords: | Energy transition plan Renewable energy system Green hydrogen Techno-economic assessment Optimization Jordan |
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