超细CL-20/HMX共晶的制备、表征及其与推进剂组分的相容性

通过加入微量溶剂,采用超高效混合技术,在70 g的加速度条件下反应30 min制备得到摩尔比为2∶1的超细六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷与奥克托今(CL-20/HMX)共晶,通过X射线粉末衍射、差示扫描量热法鉴定了CL-20/HMX共晶的形成,并对其形貌、粒度、感度等进行了表征测试。结果表明:制备的超细CL-20/HMX共晶纯度为92.6%,共晶炸药呈规则块状、表面光滑、粒径小于1μm、粒度分布均匀,其X射线衍射图在11.558°,13.264°,18.601°,24.474°,33.785°,36.269°处出现新的较强的衍射峰。超细CL-20/HMX共晶放热分解过程中只有一个放热分解峰,其放热峰温为248.3℃,其分解放热量(2192.1 J·g^-1),显著高于相同摩尔比的物理混合物(1327.3 J·g^-1)。按照GJB772A-1997《炸药试验方法》测得的摩擦感度比原料CL-20降低了16%,特性落高比原料CL-20提高28.6 cm,比原料HMX提高11.5 cm,形成共晶后安全性能更高。采用DSC法研究了超细CL-20/HMX共晶与推进剂常用组分均聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(HGAP)、硝化甘油/1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯混合物(NG/BTTN)、缩二脲三异氰酸酯(N-100)、高氯酸铵(AP)、铝粉(Al)的相容性,发现超细CL-20/HMX共晶与NG/BTTN、AP、Al的相容性较好,与HGAP、N-100不相容。

Preparation, Characterization of Ultrafine CL-20/HMX Cocrystal Explosive and Its Compatibility With the Components of Propellants

Ultrafine hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane/cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine(CL-20/HMX)cocrystal explosive was prepared by ultra-highly efficient mixing method.X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized to determine whether the cocrystal explosive was prepared.The crystal morphology,particle size,sensitivity of cocrystal explosive were characterized.The prepared samples were regular block-like ultrafine CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosives with uniform particle size of less than 1μm,which appeared new stronger diffraction peaks at 11.558°,13.264°,18.601°,24.474°,33.785°,36.269°.The purity of the CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosive was 92.6%.The thermal decomposition process of cocrystal explosives had only one exothermic decomposition stage with peak temperatures of 248.3℃.The enthalpy for the exothermic decomposition of the cocrystal(2912.1 J·g^-1)was remarkable higher than that of the physical mixture of CL-20 and HMX(1327.3 J·g^-1).According to GJB772 A-1997《The explosive test method》,the friction sensitivity of CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosive was 84%,which was decreased by 16%compared with original CL-20,the characteristic height of the cocrystal was increased by 28.6 cm and11.5 cm compared with original CL-20 and HMX,respectively.The compatibility of CL-20/HMX cocrystal with components of solid propellant,including hydroxyl-terminated glycidylazide polymer(HGAP),nitroglycerin/1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate(NG/BTTN),triisocyanate(N-100),ammonium perchlorate(AP),aluminum powder(Al powder)were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The CL-20/HMX cocrystal was compatible with NG/BTTN,AP and Al powder,while incompatible with HGAP,N-100.