硝基吡唑类化合物的合成研究进展

综述了12种硝基吡唑化合物的合成方法并进行了比较,重点介绍了能量高于2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)、感度低于TNT或能量更高的吡唑类低熔点系列含能化合物,如3,4-二硝基吡唑(3,4-DNP)、1-甲基-3,4,5-三硝基吡唑(MTNP),为此类含能化合物的进一步合成及性能研究提供一定的参考,为高密度、高能量、低感度炸药及可替代TNT的熔铸炸药载体的进一步研究探索提供一定的新思路。认为以下三个方面将会是今后一段时期内的研究重点:探索MTNP新合成路及工艺优化,研究3,4-二硝基吡唑和MTNP的物化性能及其高能化合物的组合配方,寻找硝基吡唑化合物合成中需求的绿色硝化剂和催化剂。

Review on Synthesis of Nitropyrazoles

Pyrazole and its derivatives are a kind of important nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, and have extensive application in many fields. Based on the reference literatures at home and abroad, this paper summarizes and compares the synthesis methods of 12 kinds of nitropyrazole compounds. Mainly, the research of such pyrazole series of low melting point compounds as 3,4-dinitro pyrazole (DNP) and 1-methyl-3,4,5-trinitropyrazole (MTNP), whose energy is higher than that of 2,4,6-trinitortoluence (TNT), and sensitivity is lower than that of TNT, is introduced. It could provide the basis for studying the further synthesis and performance of such energy materials. Their development is prospected, which could provide some new ideas for the further study of explosives with high density, high energy and low sensitivity, and of melt-cast explosive carriers which could take the place of TNT. These three aspects will be the research emphasis for a period in the future: explore the new synthetic route and process optimization of MTNP, study the physicochemical properties and the combination formulations with high energy compounds of the 3,4-DNP and MTNP, seek green nitration agents and catalyst needed in the synthesis of the nitro pyrazole compounds.