泡沫铝复合结构的应力波防护性能研究

为研究泡沫铝复合结构对应力波的防护能力，利用传统和改进的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置对不同相对密度及不同厚度组合的泡沫铝-铝板复合结构进行冲击试验。研究结果表明：泡沫铝作为夹层，可使入射波分多次传到背板，延迟应力波到达时间，降低了应力波强度。随着泡沫铝夹层厚度的增加，应力波衰减效果明显。泡沫铝-铝板复合结构作为面板，应力波的加载方式发生变化，上升沿得到改善，脉冲宽度增大，最大应力幅值降低，同时吸收大量冲击能，是一种良好的应力波防护材料。增大复合结构中泡沫铝厚度，应力波的上升沿时间延长、斜率减小，应力幅值降低，但脉冲宽度变化不大；铝板厚度对应力波传播影响较小。随着泡沫铝相对密度的增加，经泡沫铝-铝板复合结构作用后，应力波的上升斜率减小，最大应力幅值降低，但脉冲宽度和上升沿时间不变。

Research on Protective Performance of Foam Aluminum Composite Structure against Stress Wave

The protective performance of foam aluminum-Al composite structures with different densities and thicknesses are investigated with conventional and improved split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPB). The experimental results demonstrate that, when foam Aluminum is used as interlayer, the primary stress wave is divided into several stress waves. The time of stress wave arriving at a back plate is postponed, and the wave intensity decreases. The impact of stress wave decreases more clearly with the increase in thickness of interlayer. When foam aluminum-Al composite structure is used as faceplate, the pulse width broadens, the rising edge is improved, and the wave intensity reduces. At the same time, the foam aluminum-Al composite structures can absorb a large part of impact energy, which can be served as stress wave protective material. With the increase in thickness and relative density of the foam aluminum, the wave shaping effect is more significant. The wave intensity reduces, the rising slop becomes flat, however the stress wave pulse changes little. The influence of Al plate thickness on composite structure can be ignored.