某型车辆在高空核爆炸环境下的电磁脉冲耦合特性

电磁脉冲耦合阈值是装备在核爆炸环境下作战时运用决策与装备抗核加固优化的基本依据。针对某型车辆核爆炸环境下电磁脉冲抗扰度不清的实际，开展高空核爆炸电磁脉冲（HEMP）耦合特性研究。应用时域有限差分（FDTD）方法，通过该车电台天线辐照试验验证FDTD方法开展HEMP耦合效应研究基础上，重点从车辆瞭望孔入手，对HEMP环境中车辆内部电场变化进行系统分析。研究发现，车内大部分空间的耦合电场幅值在2 kV/m以下，瞭望孔附近电场幅值在HEMP正入射时较高。结合所得到的车辆内部电场分布的相关规律，提出电磁脉冲防护建议：车内电子设备及走线应尽量远离瞭望孔；改用屏蔽玻璃，可以降低瞭望孔处耦合电场幅值；当接收到核爆炸相关预警信息时，迅速将电子设备尽可能向远离瞭望孔位置移动，可以避免造成损坏。

Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Characteristics of a Vehicle in High Altitude Nuclear Explosion Environment

Electromagnetic pulse coupling threshold is the basic basis for the decision-making of operational employment of equipment in the nuclear explosion environment and the optimization of its anti-nuclear reinforcement. On account of the fact that the immunity to electromagnetic pulse of a vehicle is unknown, the coupling characteristics of high altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) are studied. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to the research on the coupling characteristics of HEMP of a vehicle. The FDTD method for the research on HEMP coupling effect was verified through the radio antenna irradiation test of the vehicle, and the change of electric field inside the vehicle in HEMP environment is analyzed systematically starting from the observation hole of the vehicle. It is found that the amplitude of the coupling electric field in most of the space within the vehicle is less than 2 kV/m, and the amplitude of the electric field near the observation hole is higher when HEMP is normal incident. The suggestions of electromagnetic pulse protection are proposed from the relevant distribution laws of the electric field in the vehicle: the electronic equipment and wiring in the vehicle should be as far away from the observation hole as possible; the amplitude of coupling electric field at the observation hole is reduced by using shielding glass; and when receiving the warning information related to nuclear explosion, the electronic equipment should be quickly moveed as far away from the observation hole as possible to prevent damage.