悬臂式低压铸造机设计与稳定性分析

目前四立柱式低压铸造机操作空间狭小，对于需要多开模、下砂芯的腔室类铸件存在诸多不便。为此，设计了一款主副悬臂同步摆转、工作台以上空间可完全开放的悬臂式低压铸造机。运用流体力学相关知识，分别求得铸造机在充型阶段、保压阶段、铸件卸载阶段主悬臂所受作用力，其中向上最大冲击力为35 302 N、最大重力为4 606 N. 根据铸造机浇注时上模与侧模之间允许最大间隙，设计主悬臂采用长度为1 200 mm、外径为270 mm、内径为235 mm的Q235A空心圆钢。运用有限元法对悬臂结构进行仿真分析，结果显示悬臂上模油缸处最大变形量为1.8 mm. 对所设计悬臂式低压铸造机进行样机制作和现场试验，其所生产的铸件满足军工产品的性能要求。当铸造机进入保压阶段时，上模和侧模之间的距离为1.92 mm，在允许的安全间隙之内。

Design and Stability Analysis of Cantilever Low Pressure Casting Machine

The operating space of four-column low-pressure casting machine is very narrow, so it is inconvenient for the production of cavity castings with multi-openings and sand cores. A low pressure casting machine with main and auxiliary cantilevers which swing synchronously and the completely opened space above the worktable was designed. The forces acting on the main cantilever during the filling, holding and unloading stages of the castings were calculated by using the relevant knowledge of fluid mechanics. The maximum impact force is 35 302 N, and the maximum gravity is 4 606 N. According to the maximum clearance between the upper mold and the side mold, the main cantilever is made of Q235A hollow round steel with length of 1 200 mm, outer diameter of 270 mm and inner diameter of 235 mm. The finite element method was used to simulate and analyze the cantilever structure. The results show that the maximum deformation is 1.8 mm at the oil cylinder of upper die of cantilever. The cantilever low pressure casting machine prototype was test, which meets the performance requirements of military products. When the caster enters the packing stage, the distance between the upper mold and the side mold is 1.92 mm, which is within the allowable safety clearance.