基于自清洁型海洋智能防污涂层的最新研究进展

从自修复防污涂层、可逆切换粘附表面、自更新动态表面3个方面介绍了自清洁型海洋智能防污涂层技术的研究进展，及其在延长涂层服役寿命和主动防污方面起到的关键作用。自修复涂层通过微胶囊或可逆动态键修复破损的超疏水表面，延长其防污寿命。通过可逆切换粘附表面响应p H、应力或温度变化，进行亲/疏水表面的可逆切换，从而使污染物脱附。自更新动态表面可以根据周围微环境变化产生响应，发生聚合物降解、脱落、杀菌剂控制释放等行为，不仅可以减少污损生物的附着，而且可以使附着污损脱附。综述了自清洁型海洋智能防污涂层的研究成果，介绍了智能涂层在提高海洋防污方面的特点。基于现有研究的不足，对智能涂层的响应机制和应用方面的研究进行了展望。

Recent Advances in Intelligent Coatings for Marine Antifouling Based on Self-cleaning

This review introduces the research progress of self-cleaning marine intelligent antifouling coating technology from three aspects:self-healing antifouling coating, reversible switching adhesion surface, and self-renewing dynamic surface, and its application in extending the service life of the coating and active antifouling key role in this regard. Self-healing coatings repair damaged superhydrophobic surfaces through microcapsules or reversible dynamic bonds, extending their antifouling life; reversibly switchable adhesive surfaces respond to changes in pH, stress or temperature, and perform reversible switching of hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces, so that pollutants Desorption:The self-renewing dynamic surface can respond to the changes of the surrounding microenvironment, such as polymer degradation, shedding, and controlled release of fungicides, which can not only reduce the attachment of fouling organisms, but also desorb the attached fouling. The modification of a membrane material with a pH sensitive surface is intriguing because an external stimulus can result in conversion between hydrophilic and hydrophobic in various pH aqueous conditions. Heat, UV irradiation, and pH are examples of external stressors that can change surface wetness. Changing the pH is the most efficient way to transform the surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic in a short period of time. The most generally used antifoulantreleasing coatings are those based on self-polishing copolymers (SPCs), also known as acrylate copolymers having hydrolyzable pendant groups. In maritime conditions, such polymers can deteriorate by main chain cleavage, generating a self-renewing dynamic surface and improving static antifouling effectiveness. This review may potentially open new horizons toward futuristic developments in intelligent antifouling coatings for marine navigation.