功能型氟硅聚合物涂层的研究进展

氟硅聚合物涂层是一种以有机硅、氟改性有机硅或有机氟为基体的材料，具有表面能低、稳定性高、易加工等特点，广泛应用于国防军事、轻工、机械、化工、医学等领域。综述了近年来氟硅聚合物常用的合成方法，如原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）法、阴离子开环聚合法、硅烷偶联剂法、硫醇–烯点击法等，采用上述方法合成的氟硅聚合物，因其有序的氟/硅–碳排列，使得制备的涂层材料具有润湿性低和稳定性高等特点，在防污、抗菌等领域有着巨大的应用前景。同时，综述了不同维度材料修饰的氟硅聚合物涂层的研究进展，如一维材料（纳米线、纳米管等）、二维材料（片状硫化铜、石墨烯、MXene、氮化硼等）和三维材料（CeO₂、SiO₂、Fe₃O₄等颗粒及微胶囊）。对不同维度材料在防覆冰、抗菌、导电、导热、红外隐身、光催化、自修复等领域的应用和作用机制进行了分析。此外，综述了有机链段（聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等）改性的氟硅聚合物涂层在医学、防污、自修复等领域的应用，并对其作用机制进行了分析。最后，对氟硅聚合物涂层研究中存在的问题进行了归纳，并对...

Research Progress of Functional Fluorosilicon Polymer Coating

Fluorosilicon polymer coating is a kind of coating whose matrix contains organic silicon, fluorine-modified organic silicon or organic fluorine. With characteristics of low surface energy, high stability and easy processing, it is widely used in national defense military, light industry, machinery, chemical industry, medicine, etc. This article reviews the commonly used synthetic methods of fluorosilicone polymers in recent years, such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method, anionic ring-opening polymerization method, silane coupling agent method, thiol-ene click method, etc. The fluorosilicone polymers synthesized by the above methods have ordered fluorine/silicon-carbon arrangement. So the prepared coatings have the characteristics of low wettability and high stability, and has great application prospects in anti-fouling, anti-bacterial and other fields. Furthermore, the article introduces the research progress of fluorosilicone polymer coatings modified by different dimensional materials, such as one-dimensional materials (nanowires, nanotubes, etc.), two-dimensional materials (sheet copper sulfide, graphene, MXene, boron nitride, etc.) and three-dimensional materials (CeO2, SiO2, Fe3O4 and other particles and microcapsules). The article analyzes applications and mechanisms of action of the materials with different dimensions in the fields of anti-icing, anti-bacterial, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, infrared stealth, photocatalysis and self-healing. In addition, this article also reviews the application of fluorosilicone polymer coatings modified by organic segments (polyurethane, epoxy resin, polymethyl methacrylate, etc.) in the fields of medicine, antifouling, and self-healing and analyzes the mechanism of action. Finally, the it summarizes problems existing in the research of fluorosilicone polymer coatings, and prospectes the development direction.