植物缓蚀剂的制备方法与研究方向

缓蚀剂能够有效抑制金属在酸性介质中的腐蚀,但是多数有机合成类缓蚀剂对环境和人体都有危害。综述了应用于酸性介质中的天然植物绿色缓蚀剂,总结了植物缓蚀剂制备过程中的各类提取方法,包括浸泡法、索氏提取法、超声波提取法等。阐述了失重法、量子化学法等研究手段的优缺点,以及植物缓蚀剂性能改善的技术。植物缓蚀剂的作用机理属于物理化学作用机理范畴。在实际研究中,选取恰当、方便的提取方法,以作用机理为理论指导,借助先进的研究手段对植物提取物进行分析表征,能够进一步推动植物缓蚀剂的研究。此外,对植物缓蚀剂的发展做出了展望,扩大植物缓蚀剂的提取范围,实现植物缓蚀剂的工业化生产、多样化应用,将成为其以后的发展方向。

Preparation Method and Research Direction of Plant Corrosion Inhibitors

Corrosion inhibitors can inhibit corrosion of metal in acidic medium effectively. However, most organic synthetic corrosion inhibitors are harmful to human and environment. Natural plant corrosion inhibitors applied in acidic medium were reviewed, and various extraction methods used in the preparation process were summarized, covering soaking method, Soxhlet extraction method and ultrasonic extraction method. Advantages and disadvantages of such research methods as weight-loss method and quantum chemical method, as well as technologies of improving plant corrosion inhibitor performance were illustrated. Function mechanism of plant corrosion inhibitors fell into the category of physicochemical function mechanism. In the practical research, research on plant corrosion inhibitors could be further promoted by selecting appropriate extraction method, taking function mechanism as theoretical guidance, and analyzing and characterizing plant extracts resorting to advanced research techniques. In addition, development of plant corrosion inhibitors was prospected, future development trends were expanding range of extraction and exploring industrial production and diversified application of plant corrosion inhibitors.