环保型氧化物增强银基电接触功能复合材料研究进展

围绕研制开发具有与AgCdO性能相媲美的银基电接触材料,报道了近3年来传统Ag/SnO_2、Ag/ZnO、Ag/CuO三种银基电接触材料体系的研究现状,主要论述国内外研究学者从掺杂改性、制备方法、材料模拟仿真、第一性原理计算等方面开展的大量优化研究;梳理了目前制备银基电接触材料体系的常规制备技术及其工作原理;简述了当前部分学者研制开发的诸如Zn_2SnO_4、La SrCuO_4、Ti_2AlN、La_2Sn_2O_7等新型增强相改性银基电接触材料体系;论述了关于材料模拟仿真、第一性原理等理论计算在电接触材料中的应用现状,这些理论计算为银基电接触材料的成分-结构-性能的优化设计提供了相应的指导意义,有助于缩短材料筛选与研发周期。采用新型表征技术检测Ag/CdO等电接触材料的本质特性,为新材料体系研发推导出最本质的设计判据,而关于电弧能量场作用下银基电接触材料的表面熔池特性、熔池内部冶金反应行为及其电寿命失效机制有待深入探究。

Advances in eco-friendly oxide-reinforced silver-based electrical contact materials

Focusing on the research and development of silver-based electrical contact materials with properties comparable to that of Ag/CdO electrical contacts, advances in eco-friendly oxide-reinforced silver-based electrical contact materials such as Ag/SnO2, Ag/ZnO, Ag/CuO in recent three years were summarized in this paper. A large number of optimization studies carried out by domestic and foreign research scholars from the aspects of preparation methods, doping modification, material simulation and first-principle were discussed, and the current conventional preparation techniques and its principles of preparation of silver-based electrical contacts were summarized. The new reinforced phase modified silver-based electrical contacts such as Zn2SnO4, LaSrCuO4, Ti2AlN, La2Sn2O7 were introduced. In addition, material simulation, first-principles and other theoretical calculations applied in electrical contact materials were briefly discussed. These theoretical calculation studies provide corresponding guidance for the optimization design of the composition-structure-performance of silver-based electrical contact materials, and shorten the material screening and development cycle. It is necessary to use new characterization techniques to analyze the essential characteristics of Ag/CdO and other electrical contacts to provide the most essential design criteria for the development of new electrical material systems. Besides, molten pool characteristics and its metallurgical reaction behavior of silver-based electrical contacts under arc, and the electrical life failure mechanisms of silver based electrical contacts under arc need to be further studied.