TNT 对 RDX 热分解行为影响的研究

针对部分黑梯炸药的 DSC 曲线无 RDX 熔化峰的情况,通过分析不同升温速率下单质 RDX 的 DSC 曲线,确定有利于黑梯炸药 DSC 曲线出现 RDX 熔化峰的测试条件。并将 TNT 和 RDX 以质量比为3︰7和4︰6的比例溶解在丙酮中,重结晶制成黑梯炸药,用 DSC 对其进行热分析,通过改变 DSC 测试条件出现了 RDX 的熔化峰。分析认为,部分 RDX 在熔融 TNT 中溶解后,液相 RDX 以自催化的方式分解,分解峰左移,峰温降低,对熔化峰进行了掩盖。对样品的热分解动力学和热力学参数进行计算和对比之后发现,黑梯炸药的活化能比 RDX 增加了6.02％,热爆炸临界温度提高了2.08℃,热力学参数发生了变化,说明 TNT 和 RDX 通过氢键相互作用,提高了RDX 的热稳定性, RDX 的使用安全性有一定改善。

Effects of TNT on the Thermal Decomposition Performance of RDX

To clarify the reasons for the disappearance of RDX melting peak DSC on the curves of some TNT-RDX explosives, DSC curves of RDX at different heating rates were analyzed to find out the experimental conditions under which the melting peak will present. TNT and RDX with mass ratios of 3︰7 and 4︰6 were dissolved in acetone and recrystallized to get TNT-RDX explosives. The TNT-RDX explosives were tested by DSC, and RDX melting peak can be observed at cer-tain testing conditions. The analysis shows that the desolvation of part of RDX in fusion TNT leads to the decomposition of liquid RDX in a self-catalysis way and left shift of decomposition peak toward to lower temperature area overlapping with the melting peak. Decomposition kinetics and thermodynamics of samples were calculated and compared. The results show that the activation energy of TNT-RDX explosive is 6. 02% higher than RDX, and the critical exploding temperature increases by 2. 08 ℃ . Thermodynamics have also changed showing that TNT can improve the heat stability and security use of RDX by interaction with RDX trough hydrogen bond.