装药壳体对含铝炸药水下爆炸性能影响研究

针对某含铝炸药，分别在6 mm钢壳、硬铝壳、PVC壳及裸药柱形装药条件下进行水下爆炸实验，测量3 m，5 m，7 m处冲击波压力时程曲线，获得不同装药条件下冲击波的峰值、冲量、能量及气泡脉动周期和气泡能等参数。利用AUTODYN-2D程序，对带壳装药含铝炸药水下爆炸过程进行数值模拟，通过与实验测量结果对比，验证数值仿真方法和结果的准确性。在此基础上，结合量纲分析与数值模拟方法研究填装比对冲击波波形、压力峰值及气泡脉动周期的影响规律。研究表明：填装较小时，冲击波压力峰值与冲击波能均增大；填装较大时，压力峰值与冲击波能均减小；气泡脉动周期随填装比的增加而减小；在钢壳装药下，最优填装比为1.45。有限元模型与计算结论可为水中兵器设计提供一定参考。

A study on the effects of case on the underwater explosion for aluminized explosive

Underwater explosion experiments were carried out on the cylindrical aluminized explosives. The charges surrounded by 6mm thick steel casing、AL casing and PVC casing, and two bare charges were also fired. The shock wave pressure-time curves were measured at the distance of 3m、5m and 7m, and the peak pressure、impulse、energy of shock wave and bubble energy were also work out. Numerical simulations using AUTODYN-2D supported experimental results. According to the dimensional analysis and numerical simulation, the variation of shock wave profile、peak pressure and bubble period with the relative charge mass was studied. The results show that the peak pressure and energy of the shock wave would be all enhanced when the relative charge mass is small, but decrease when the relative charge mass too large. The bubble period was lower for the casing charge than that of the bare charge. The optimal relative charge mass was 1.45 for the steel casing charge. The finite element model and calculation results can provide a reference for the design of underwater weapons.